Cascadia subduction zone

An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates that moves few centimeters per year. The tectonic plates can be oceanic or continental they move mainly because of the gravity but also because the mantle a mixture of rock and melted rock so it move but not as fast as it would move in a liquid. The Sea plates are heavier than the Land plates which is the case of Japan. The tsunami is an earthquake under water but because of the pressure the water will move really fast and it the wave will increasingly…

Have you ever seen the movement of a whip? When it is cracked it starts with small ripples at base and magnifies as the waves move towards the end. Now someone may be puzzled how in the earth that can be linked towards supply chain. The analogy is quite simple, although the consequences can be quite complex and adverse. Let’s start with an example, suppose just at the beginning of the winter season customers buy 2 moisturizer creams for the season. If there is an offer on the table,…

1.6 TRIBOLOGY The greek word tribo means rubbing (William 1994). It is the science of intermingling of the surfaces which are in sliding and/or rolling motion. In 1996, Tribology was first reported by Jost, England. It has 3 portions. These are A) friction B) Lubrication and C) wear. To understand the tribological behavior, it entails the knowledge of various subjects such as Physics, chemistry, Mathematics, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Material science etc., Tribological problem leads to the…

Lesson 1: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Layers of the Earth Earth is made up of three layers: crust, mantle and core. The outer layer is the crust, the middle layer is the mantle and the inner layer is the core. Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into large plates that move slowly. Figure 1 shows the layers of the Earth. Figure 1: Layers of the Earth Plate tectonics The Earth's surface is formed of large pieces of rock called plates that are also called tectonic plates. These plates…

Australia was once part of Antarctica and slowly made its journey towards north, I am going to focus on the landscape history of Australia after its separation from Antarctica starting with the Permian period. At this time Australia was still located near South Pole and slowly moving north, during this period Australia was covered by ice, regions in Australia began to wear off forming sedimentary basins on land. By the time it was Cretaceous period Australia was a low and quite flat continent…

Millions of years ago our Earth was called Pangea. This was the name for the Earth as it was when basically all the land/continents were attached as one giant portion of land surrounded by sea. As millions of years passed, the portion of land known as Pangea began to spread apart into several portions of land until it could no longer be called Pangea. Finally today, we know Earth as being a vast planet with several continents that are a result of the spread of Pangea. This is understood to be…

The Hōryū-ji Temple remain located in Nara prefecture Japan, is the oldest existing timber structure; dated from 607 AD. The temple’s construction is held up by structural elements called the Dougong, which are placed on top of large, firm and stable vertical pillars, to support the weight of upper stories, roofs and eaves. The Dougong is composed of overlapping wooden brackets; the ‘Dou’: a block placed on a column, creating space for multiple bow-shaped arms; ‘gong’, to be interlocked, which…

The Alaskan way Viaduct will collapse if an earthquake happens, but that earthquake will take many steps. These steps will got through the layers of the earth. The layers are stacked on top of eachother, like the liquids in the “Density Column lab”. The layers are inner core, outer core, mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere(upper rigid mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust). The earth's compositional layers are inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The inner core radiates…

New Madrid Fault is a dangerous zone because of the active faults that are actually buried 100 to 200 feet deep in soft river deposited soils of alluvium, making these faults harder to study because of their location underground. Most faults are found on the surface making them easier to analyze for any activity. Microseismic earthquakes (magnitude less than 1.0 to about 2.0), measured by seismographs but not felt by humans, occur on average every other day in this zone, on average around 200…

Amphibolite is a foliated metamorphic rock. The orientation of the foliation is 251/75. It has a gneiss foliation and stripes of minerals segregation. Minerals such as white Quartz, shinny Plagioclase, green Amphibole, and pistachio green (yellowish) epidote were seen on the fresh surface. Greenschist is coarse grained metamorphic rock that contains minerals such as yellow epidote, flakes of mica and green serpentine and chlorite. Metasediments with various colors were seen such as Quartzite…