Carolingian Empire

Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala was a native Peruvian who had Incan ancestry. As a son of a Spanish nobleman, he was exposed to the colonial power of the Spanish but had the knowledge of Incan society and history. Guamán Poma is best known for chronicling the events that partook in Peru as the Spaniards continue to establish themselves as the dominant power. In his illustrated letters to Spain’s King, King Philip III, he detailed the accounts of ill treatment that the Spaniards did towards the…

king in the Indian history. Under his control, the empire extended its territories and became the largest to have ever existed in the acient Indian subcontinent, The Maurya Empire(322-185 BCE) was ruled by the Mauryan dynasty. The empire is known for its military strength, highly organized and powerful political in ancient India. Ashoka was better leader than previous kings due to the fact that he used his military power to expand the Maryann Empire and He won the war against a feudal state…

We young folks in Cusco were very much concerned with poetry as much as Bolano’s visceral realists did in Mexico City but unlike them, Octavio Paz was not our enemy. We loved discussing the labyrinth of solitude but It was the poetry of Cesar Vallejo, Arguedas, Garcilazo that matter to us. It reflected our Andean traits. Cusquenhos are different from coastal Peruvians. We are because of our cultural traits. We are visual, silent, introverts, stoic and very much good listeners and enjoy jokes…

In the book “Invisible cities”, Italo Calvino described 55 different cities from Marco polo’s memory. Towards the end of the story, the fifty-five cities made me more and more troubled, as if they were just a city of different character. Marco polo visited Kublai Khan when he was 21 years old at 1,275 A.D. In 1279 the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole China to establish the seventh Chinese Dynasty. Western countries have send numerous messengers to meet with Kublai Khan, but Khan only put Marco…

(Britannica 2) It was part of the Roman Empire, and when that fell it came under control of the Aryans and the Huns. (Spain Exchange 1) In the 6th century Emperor Justinian reconquered the area and it became part of the eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. (Spain Exchange 1) The migratory Slavs came and settled into the area in two waves adding diversity, which will in turn add conflict…

1. Today, India and the United States share similarities in the diversity found within their citizens, but I would argue, there is a higher degree of differences regarding both. In Octavio Paz’s, In Light of India, he makes note of the striking similarities of India and Mexico but first, points to their inversion of creation. Paz, on Mexico, claims “the pre-Hispanic civilization was destroyed, and what survives are its remnants: in India, the ancient civilization is a reality that encompasses…

The Journey of a Loyalist Widow during the American Revolution My original name is Arabella Edward, but since we moved to the Colonies everyone refers to me a “Bella”. I was born and raised in Great Britain, under the Crown, and remain loyal to them to this day. I’m 22 years old. Turned out my husband was an agent for the British crown, whose name was Thomas Edward, age 26, and insisted we move to North America in hopes for “A better, brighter future.” We began in Boston. We moved here in early…

Scientific discoveries both from the United States and Europe, during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, heralded a dramatic break between public health services’ control and improvement of society. It was a moment of contradiction that created unmatched medical advancement that was accompanied by intense imperial force abroad. While these two centuries saw the advancement to infectious disease treatment, reform of individual and household hygiene, and collective health practices…

“Tactics favor the regular army while strategy favors the enemy … therefore the object is to fight, not to maneuver.” – Colonel C.E. Callwell, in Small Wars; Their Principles and Practice. Asymmetric warfare is typically a war between a standing, professional army and an insurgency or resistance movement. It is warfare between opposing forces that differ greatly in military power resulting in the use of unconventional weapons and tactics (tactics usually associated with guerilla warfare.) The…

For many of us, it is hard to imagine life without freedom. A life with no chance of ever being able to escape from bondage. A desperation that could not be subdued no matter how much you kicked and screamed, shouted, or even ran. Men, women and children, shackled, whipped, and forced to work tirelessly in fields and serve their masters. Freedom was surely not in their itinerary. This was life for most African-Americans in 18th century America. Slavery was a very controversial practice in early…