Carl Stumpf

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein has many elements that can be explored beyond the given, and this leads us into a point at which we must be cautious of the border between what Shelly actually intended to convey with the text, and what we form in our minds with our own subjective opinions that might contradict what the author meant in reality. Various forms of criticisms can be applied to weave through assumptions within the phrases of the book and underlying contexts, and although they might be…

has only grown since then. The public no longer trusted politicians to be open. They began to feel that a separate organization was needed to ensure accountability. The publishers of this original article were two young journalists, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington post in 1974. They have become associated with the Watergate scandal and their contribution to its ousting. Many young Americans saw what they did and aspired to achieve the same success. It began the era of celebrity…

Dreams otherwise known as Personal Legends in the novel The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho, are thoughts, goals, and aspirations a person not has only in their mind while asleep but also in reality. An idea that an individual looks forward to as they rise from the morning and gives them happiness. Therefore, Dreamers have set out these ideas with the hopes and wishes that one day they 'll be able to achieve them. Each and everyone in the world ends up having a dream, they may not all realize their…

Have you ever done something bizarre, and wondered what your motives were? Has there ever been a time where you’ve done something but your reasons were much deeper than you could understand? This is the result of your unconscious hard at work. The unconscious mind holds the secrets that create our outer personality and drive our actions, the secrets that we cannot harness voluntarily. Psychologist Joseph Campbell describes how the unconscious mind plays a huge role in mythology and culture, two…

In Giorgio Agamben’s The Time That Remains: A Commentary on the Letter to the Romans, he evaluates Paul’s letter by taking a close reading of the opening of Romans and then claims that within these treasured words ultimately lies Paul’s messianic philosophy. Each chapter, interestingly, lays out the context and content that each word of the opening means and what Paul was hoping to convey to the Romans. Agamben also presents Benjamin’s Theory on the Philosophy of History side-by-side Paul’s…

the psychosexual stages, and the defense mechanism used to cope with anxiety (Cervone, & Pervin, 2010). Within this paper will be an explanation of psychodynamic theory as Sigmund Freud designed it and how neo-Freudian theorist such as Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson advanced Freud’s concepts. Furthermore, this paper will illustrate how Freud’s school of thought still influences theorist and therapy in the 21st century. Sigmund Freud The father of psychodynamic theory Sigmund Freud…

Carl Rogers was “born in Chicago, IL Jan 8, 1902” (deCarvalho, 2010) into a “fundamentalist religious home” (Rogers, 1980, p. 27). Growing up, Rogers did not have any close friends in elementary school or high school, which he attributed to his home environment (Rogers, 1980, p. 28-29). His first real experience of comradery came when he went to the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin where he “almost immediately joined a group of fellows that met in a YMCA class” (Rogers,…

The function of dreams has been a highly controversial topic throughout history, and at this point, no one fully comprehends why we dream (Hill, 1996). Philosophical explanations for dreams are dominated by Socrates and Plato, both of whom also believed in the psychological function of dreams. Plato thought that when our reasoning capacity was suspended during sleep, passions and desires revealed themselves (Hill, 1996). Similarly, Socrates argued that an unruly gathering of desires exists and…

her clearly. You cannot hide anything, but look behind and a shadow is standing right behind. The shadow self or known in psychology as the personal shadow is an assertion that everybody has another personality deep within them. First formulated by Carl Jung. It has been developed by his followers, some of them are Connie Zweig and Jeremiah Abrams. The shadow self is a personality hidden to the outside world, either by design of the person or by chance. Zweig and Abrams theorize that for people…

Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus are explorations of unconscious sexual desires as of childhood. The incest relationships between Hamlet and Gertrude, and Oedipus and Jocasta illustrate the sexual psychology argued by Sigmund Freud as the ‘Oedipus complex ‘, which is a young boys’ lustful repressed desire to be with their mother and get rid of their father (Freud, 1900, p. 84). Hamlets and Oedipus’ autonomy is questioned as their sexual desires dictate the choices that they…