Carl Sagan

Carl Jung, the pioneer of analytical psychology, explains complex, a core pattern of emotions, and perceptions in the personal unconscious organized around a common theme (Shultz and Shultz, 2009). Unlike what Carl Jung believed, collective unconscious might also create complexes, such as phobia, the irrational fear, through inheriting instinct. Anyhow, once the complex is fixed, a person starts to have a certain paradigm about the certain theme. Therefore, complexes could be interpreted as a…

it gained wider recognition owing to Sigmund Freud’s work. In his work Freud described narcissism as a sexual perversion, and defined it as “the attitude of a person who treats his own body in the way in which the body of the sexual object is ordinarily treated – who looks at it, strokes it, fondles it till he obtains complete satisfaction from these activities.” (Freud, 1914, p.73) Narcissism is defined by the American Psychiatric Association (2013) as a personality disorder, which includes “a…

By definition, lucid dreaming is being aware of dreaming while dreaming. Perhaps a double entendre but, perhaps, this closely explains the meaning without confusion. Coined long ago, the word "lucid" is used in the sense of mental clarity. Almost anyone, with knowledge obtained by doing, can live through lucid dreams. Not in any way dream control, lucid dreams have little or no control on dreaming. Nevertheless, lucidity in a dream will probably improve the ability to methodically affect the…

Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychiatry. Among his many achievements, it can be said that the most far-reaching character scheme in psychology is the Freudian theory of personality. The focus has been on many additions, modifications and different interpretations given their basic points. Despite many reincarnations, Freud's critique of many theory (for example, the theory of sexual bias) remains the center of heated debates in their relevance today. Make it easy and explain…

From the Myers and Briggs Foundation, MBTI® Basics, The Myers-Briggs type indicator test attempts to identify the basic preferences of an individual in each of the (4) dichotomies identified in Jung’s theory. The (4) are, World, information, decisions and structure. Each of the (4) contain (2) choices. For world, the choices are extrovert or introvert. For information, the choices are sensing or intuition. For decisions, the choices are thinking or feeling and for structure, the choices are…

Freud Freud emphasized that the unconscious mind had an impact on our behaviors. Freud believed our behaviors were fueled by sexual instinct or life. According to Freud, you cannot bring unconscious thoughts into consciousness except under certain extreme situations (Burger, 43). Freud believed that you are born with only one personality structure, the id. The id is only concerned only with satisfying your own personal needs (Burger, 44). Freud developed a structural model that would divide…

Erik Erikson is a prominent psychologist who emerged from studying under and expanding the teachings of Freud to extend post childhood and include the adulthood stages of life. Erikson’s theory is different because he studied how all the stages of life are connected. Teachings and behaviors learned in childhood, follow an individual into adulthood. This paper will discuss how Erikson’s theory can help to explain the behavior of a third grader who is bullying and provide some approaches to…

In the words of Sandy Flitterman-Lewis—she describes that “psychoanalysis has provided a useful way of discussing our relationship with the cinema” due to it’s similarities to the human tendency in dream to “relate ‘stories told in images’” and our movie watching experiences. To this analysis, she notes that the framework has it’s foundation called the “cinematic apparatus”. Which includes the conditions of the film projection, the film itself as a text and the “mental machinery of…

ESSAY 1: SLEEP AND DREAM SYNOPSIS: What is Sleep? Anthropologists tell us that sleep and dreams have been central foci of many ancient cultures. In some culture, sleep was seen as a time for the soul to occupy another world. A common understanding in all the notions is that sleep is viewed as the result of lowered activity of the brain. Sleep is commonly looked upon as a periodic temporary cessation or interruption the waking state, which is the prevalent mode of existence for the healthy…

1) One event from Sigmund Freud’s childhood that shaped his personality theories was when he was scolded by his father for urinating in his parent’s bedroom. His father told him that nothing will become of him and Freud would often have recurring dreams of this with him answering that he has become something in spite of this. This event likely shaped Freud’s view on how big of a role the unconscious part of a person plays in shaping personality and how important dream analysis is. Another…