Carl Jung

In his seminal work “Memories, Dreams, and Reflections” Carl Gustaf Jung presents a stinging defense of Sigmund Freud. As the footnote by Aniela Jaffe explains, “In his obituary on Freud (1939), Jung calls this work ‘epoch-making’ and ‘probably the boldest attempt that has ever been made to master the riddles of the unconscious psyche upon the apparently firm ground of empiricism. For us, then young psychiatrists, it was…a source of illumination, while for our older colleagues it was an…

Horney defined neurosis as a maladaptive and counterproductive way of dealing with relationships, which eventually drove people away (Horney, 1920). Unlike Freud, Adler, and Jung, Horney viewed obsession-compulsive thoughts as as a way of interpersonal control and coping. According to Horney, children adapted this personality style, filling their life with anxiety and obsession-compulsion behaviors. Horney felt that Freud…

1. Is personality innate or learned? 2. Is personality conscious or unconscious? 3. Is personality influenced by interior or exterior factors? So, not only is the topic of personality complex, but it is also multi-faced, with theories both complementing and contradicting each other. To understand personality, is to understand the four major perspectives on it: Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Social Cognitive, Humanistic, and Trait. The psychodynamic perspective views personality as primarily…

Astrology is now classified as pseudoscience yet people continue to adhere to old traditions. Many people still believe that a meticulously calculated birth chart holds all the secrets to their life. Astrology dictates that the placement of planets shape our destiny, whether it be good or bad. There is no way out of it, besides mantras, yogas, and sacrifice. You can only alleviate not resolve. “Placement of celestial objects” holds no ultimate authority of one 's future. It is a misconception…

(Friedman and Schustack, 2012, p. 106). Carl Jung was one of the many individuals who made a great impact in this approach. Like Freud, Jung explains that the psyche is divided into three parts. However, to Jung these three parts were called the conscious ego, the personal conscious, and the collective unconscious. Developing at around age four, the conscious ego is the part of the personality which represents the sense of self. The personal conscious, Jung explains, contains unimportant…

based directly on Carl Jung 's theory of personality (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Jung hypothesized four functions of the mind: sensing, thinking, feeling, and intuiting. Further he determined that within each person all the personality traits exist, however, one of them normally dominates. In addition, Jung described two major attitudes of either introversion or extroversion which influence the other personality traits depending on which is dominant. According to Carl Jung 's theory people…

Carl Jung was a swiss psychiatrist who believed that the human psyche consisted of three parts: the ego, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. According to Jung, archetypes are universal patterns which exist in the collective unconscious. He believed these recurrent images possessed universal meanings that appear in literature. Carl Jung theorized that archetypes lead to insight on humans and the world around us. Jungian archetypes can be identified in nearly all literature,…

; Behaviourism, Cognitive, Biological and Psychodynamic. Within these four approaches are endless theories used to support each. I will explain the psychodynamic approach and some of its theories; also considering the flaws and strengths. A psychologist, Sigmund Freud (1890), created the psychoanalysis theory. Other psychologists developed Freud’s theories further or devised their own theories based on his. These theories, combined, form psychodynamic psychology. They are all different yet…

The “collective unconscious” from Jung’s viewpoint means that the unconscious includes resources that are physically real prior to their individual appropriation and are inherent abilities in the mental structure of all individuals. Jung believed that religion is the possibility of interaction with this collective unconscious and how it opens “the depths of the human soul, often with an intelligence and purposefulness superior to conscious insight.” Archetypes are forms that are shared…

Dreams and their interpretation aren’t only relevant now in the modern psychology, however, have been relevant for thousands of years of human culture. Dream interpretation, as well as its significance to human culture can be seen in the bible as well as an Egyptian dream book dating back to 1213 B.C. (The Egyptian Dream, 2014). Philosophers throughout time, such as the philosopher Socrates, have analyzed dreaming and it 's correlation to humanity. It is Socrates who stated, “How can you prove…