Cardiovascular system

Worksheet 1: Biological Hierarchy; and Organising the Natural World 1. Define what is meant by the “biological hierarchy”. Biological hierarchy is the structured organisation of all biological entities. It can be shown in pyramid form with the most simple element at the base being atoms and at the pinnacle is the ecosphere, the most complex. 2. What is an “emergent property?” An emergent property is when a new property develops on the next step in the biological hierarchy as the levels…

D. PULSE PRESSURE INTRODUCTION The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. The systolic or top pressure is defined as the amount of pressure exerted on the blood vessels when the ventricle is contract (systole). The pressure is due to the force produced as the blood is ejected contacted with the blood vessel’s wall. On the other hand, the diastolic or bottom pressure is defined as the amount of pressure of the blood vessels when the heart is at rest…

In order to understand why CAD is such a fatal disease, one must understand the coronary circulation of the heart. Coronary circulation is essentially the circulation of blood in the vessels of the myocardium (Heart muscle) that ultimately deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The two main blood vessels that are associated with coronary circulation are the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. These two major arteries bifurcate off of the Aorta and encircle the heart ultimately…

are responsible for the beating heart. They are able to receive electrical impulses from the brain and move them throughout the heart cells, causing cardiomyocytes to contract, and the heart to beat. Pacemaker cells receive signals from the nervous system telling them to cause the heart rate to increase or decrease depending on what the body needs. They move electrical impulses through the heart about 70 times a…

The initial electrical impulse that begins the process of a heartbeat is generated by a group of cells located in the upper chamber of the heart. This special pathway is as follow: the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, his-purkinje network. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cell which is known as the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium. The sinoatrial node sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. The atrioventricular node slows the electrical signal before…

TASK 1 HEART The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body (Chiras, 2008). STRUCTURE The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissues: pericardium, myocardium and endocardium (Wilson, Waugh and Ross, 1996). Label structures of the heart for the diagram. Aorta is the major artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart. Left atrium is one of the left upper chambers that takes oxygenated blood from…

The Effect of Physical Education on World Health Assuring oneself good health demands that one goes beyond observing instructions from health professionals. One ought to appreciate the contributions of routines like hand washing, proper sanitation, good diets, access to clean water, and sufficient physical exercises towards attainment of proper health. Societies should look past the national programs in order to appreciate and borrow what has worked well in other countries in the guest of good…

2.1. The left ventricle and interventricular septum The heart has two inferior chambers, called the right and left ventricles, respectively. These chambers are the “pumps” that expel blood into the blood vessels and keeps it flowing through the body (Rizzo, 2016). The left ventricle is a cavity that has thick muscular walls that contains the papillary muscles as well as the chordae tendinae that attaches the atrio-ventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles (Leeson, Augustine,…

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the cells and tissues to the body. The blood then returns to the right side of the body this is called systemic circuit. From the heart blood flows through large muscular arteries, then into smaller and smaller arteries, then arterioles and finally to the capillaries. It’s in the capillaries where the diffusion process takes place to exchange molecules of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide of nearby cells,…

11.2 The Circulatory System The circulatory system is made up of multiple different organs, and it's main function is transportation. The system allows blood to circulate, which transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients as well as picking up waste. The elements of the system include; The Heart The heart acts as a muscular pump which is divided into 4 different chambers, the heart's main function is to pump the blood around the body. It pumps deoxygenated blood through the veins, to the…