Cardiovascular diseases

The spleen can be found enclosed in a capsule of dense irregular connective tissue (Krause, 2008). Prone to infections and other conditions, the spleen can easily become enlarged because it is highly vascularized. Malignancies, parasites, liver diseases and other conditions passed in the blood and immune system can cause the spleen to be infected. In addition to the major functions of the spleen, it also helps clean out the bloodstream as well as protects the immune system by removing old and…

Worksheet 1: Biological Hierarchy; and Organising the Natural World 1. Define what is meant by the “biological hierarchy”. Biological hierarchy is the structured organisation of all biological entities. It can be shown in pyramid form with the most simple element at the base being atoms and at the pinnacle is the ecosphere, the most complex. 2. What is an “emergent property?” An emergent property is when a new property develops on the next step in the biological hierarchy as the levels…

Blood pressure is defined as a measurement of the force with which blood presses against the wall of a blood vessel. Blood pressure, as popularly used, is the pressure determined indirectly, existing in the large arteries at the height of the pulse wave. When a blood pressure reading is taken, the systolic over diastolic value is determined. Systolic pressure is defined as an aspect of a blood pressure reading which indicates the maximum arterial pressure occurring during contraction of the left…

to the aorta by the ventricle. The more compliant the aorta, the smaller the pressure change during the ventricular ejection/contraction/systole. Therefore, the smaller the pulse pressure. The wide or high pulse pressure is having a risk of heart disease. The person that having an elevated pulse pressure must seeks for a medical treatment. Among the treatment for high pulse pressure is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)…

M1 outline the adaptations to cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and energy systems, brought about by regular exercise Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the blood vessels and the heart. They function is to circulate the blood around the body to all the muscles. The red blood cells carry oxygen to all the muscles through the vein (carries blood to the heart). The veins have thin walls and contain blood under the low pressure. The arteries (carries blood away…

- Inner Layer; An inner endothelial cell layer called tunica intima lines the arteries and veins. The tunica intima, is a single layer of squamous epithelial cells that lines the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system. In many veins, the tunica intima is equipped with pockets that act as one-way valves. These valves prevent the back flow of blood and allow the veins to act as supplemental pumps that help to keep the blood following in one direction, back toward the heart. The activity…

As said before, Frogs do have respiratory system that in return helps the cardiovascular system, they have two lungs and one heart, with 3 chambers, they breathe in air through not only their nostrils but skin as well. That’s right, Frogs have a thin membranous tissue for skin and after it goes through cellular respiration (C6H12O6…

In order to understand why CAD is such a fatal disease, one must understand the coronary circulation of the heart. Coronary circulation is essentially the circulation of blood in the vessels of the myocardium (Heart muscle) that ultimately deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The two main blood vessels that are associated with coronary circulation are the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. These two major arteries bifurcate off of the Aorta and encircle the heart ultimately…

The heart is one of the strongest muscles in the human body. It is mostly made up of cardiac muscle, which causes the contractions of the heart, or heartbeat. The cardiac muscle works constantly to pump blood throughout the body and is one of the three major types of muscle. The cells in the heart are closely connected so that they all beat at the same time, and they form the thick middle layer of the heart, in between the outer epicardium and the inner endocardium layers. There are two main…

1. What does the PR interval on the ECG represent? What is the normal value? The P-R interval is the interval between the beginning of electrical excitation of the atria and the beginning of excitation of the ventricles and its normal value is 0.12- 0.20 seconds. 2. What does the QRS complex on the ECG represent? What is implicit in the information that the QRS complexes on Mr. Ortega’s ECG had a normal configuration? The QRS complex is the most important in the EKG since its represents…