Cardiovascular disease

During one year, the heart initiates approximately 32 million heartbeats to pump blood around the body, beating a total of 60-80 times per minute at a normal pace. It is a highly efficient organ and constantly works to keep our blood circulation going and ourselves alive. The high efficiency of the heart pumping system originates in a conductive system, which is linked to the Sinoatrial (S-A) and Atrioventricular (A-V) node. The Sinoatrial node, also known as the natural cardiac pacemaker, is…

The initial electrical impulse that begins the process of a heartbeat is generated by a group of cells located in the upper chamber of the heart. This special pathway is as follow: the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, his-purkinje network. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cell which is known as the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium. The sinoatrial node sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. The atrioventricular node slows the electrical signal before…

TASK 1 HEART The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body (Chiras, 2008). STRUCTURE The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissues: pericardium, myocardium and endocardium (Wilson, Waugh and Ross, 1996). Label structures of the heart for the diagram. Aorta is the major artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart. Left atrium is one of the left upper chambers that takes oxygenated blood from…

In today’s world many people suffer with ulcers. Ulcers are sore which occurs on the external surface of the body and the internal surface of the body. The way ulcers are caused is by a break in the skin that does not fully recover or fail to heal. Treating of an ulcers can happen many ways depending on which type of ulcers are present. The most common ulcers are gastric ulcers, esophageal ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. Along with these three ulcers Pressure ulcers and Stasis ulcers are usually…

containing material on the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. I chose these two chapters because there was material in each that I was unclear about and needed some extra time put in to learn these topics. In the musculoskeletal system, I have had troubles with keeping the anatomical planes separate and which motion is in what plane, need to review the energy systems, and the components of the shoulder I do not feel confident in. A few reasons I chose the cardiovascular system are arterial…

2.1. The left ventricle and interventricular septum The heart has two inferior chambers, called the right and left ventricles, respectively. These chambers are the “pumps” that expel blood into the blood vessels and keeps it flowing through the body (Rizzo, 2016). The left ventricle is a cavity that has thick muscular walls that contains the papillary muscles as well as the chordae tendinae that attaches the atrio-ventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles (Leeson, Augustine,…

and heart rate is regulated but the cardiovascular centre which also in turn controls neural and hormonal mechanisms. Neurons regulate heart rate and contractility and some neurons inhibit, stimulate or control heart rate by causing constriction which also controls the blood pressure. The cardiovascular centre receives input responses from the brain via sensory receptors. The impulse travels from the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus to affect the cardiovascular centre. Vasodilation of blood…

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the cells and tissues to the body. The blood then returns to the right side of the body this is called systemic circuit. From the heart blood flows through large muscular arteries, then into smaller and smaller arteries, then arterioles and finally to the capillaries. It’s in the capillaries where the diffusion process takes place to exchange molecules of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide of nearby cells,…

11.2 The Circulatory System The circulatory system is made up of multiple different organs, and it's main function is transportation. The system allows blood to circulate, which transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients as well as picking up waste. The elements of the system include; The Heart The heart acts as a muscular pump which is divided into 4 different chambers, the heart's main function is to pump the blood around the body. It pumps deoxygenated blood through the veins, to the…

Over the years, biologists have carried out experiments to explore the differences in animal hearts. With regards to this experiment at hand, the differences were explored between mammalian and amphibian hearts. This experiment also helps us determine the effects of external, biological factors and pharmacological substances on the contraction of the heart. The following will serve as an overview of the structure and functioning of amphibian heart. A frog heart has three chambers (two atria and…