Cardiopulmonary bypass

symptoms of cyanide toxicity may include: hyperoxemia, metabolic acidosis, CNS dysfunction (confusion) and possibly death. Patients at higher risk for developing cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside infusions are those with hypoalbuminemia, cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, renal impairment, or those being administered a moderate to high dose. Thiocynate toxicity may manifest itself as abdominal pain, vomiting, weakness, disorientation and coma in severe cases. Other side effects of…

Sometimes despite optimal care, some patients become severe developing refractory hypoxemia. In this case extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ECMO is the last hope. ECMO, a highly invasive procedure similar to a cardiopulmonary bypass machine comes with significant risk and complications, with rates of mortality near 60%.26 ECMO involves a skilled group of caregivers capable of monitoring and managing the patient correctly. Two different methods can be used, veno-atrial which requires a…

QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the pathophysiology of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Include discussion of risk factors associated with the development of this disease. (10 points) Coronary artery atherosclerosis is most commonly comprised of atherosclerotic fibrous fatty obstructions of the large epicardial vessels, which provide for blood flow and transport nutrients, oxygen, and elimination of metabolic waste products such as CO2, lactic acid, and hydrogen ions. Coronary artery atherosclerosis…

a progressive disorder the timing of the surgery may be different because of the severity of the anomaly. Currently the trend is to have the surgery before the age of one year old, in which the primary operation is usually performed under cardiopulmonary bypass and are aimed at closing the ventral septal defect, resect the area of infundibular stenosis, and relieve the right ventricular outflow obstruction (Bhimji, 2015). Long term consequences According to Bhimji (2015), patients with TOF are…

Preoperative evaluation Cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for valvular disease, represents one of the most common classes of surgical procedures performed worldwide. Advances in the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease as well as in cardiac surgical techniques have led to improved outcomes with consequent longer life expectancy for patients. Greater numbers of patients with depressed left ventricular function, multiple comorbidities, failed…

THE CAUSES OF HEART ATTACK The onset of heart attack is a result of a portion of cardiac muscle having necrosis, which is caused by an obstruction of a coronary artery through artherosclerosis, a thrombus or spasm. Heart attack often occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of the heart muscle becomes blocked which is mostly a result of coronary heart disease (NIH, 2012). According to National Institutes (NIH), Coronary heart disease is a condition that is as a result of a waxy…

waiting list. The UNOS list include every patient in United States who are waiting for an organ transplant. Also, they have different criteria for each organ. For example, heart transplant UNOS requires doctors to submit a blood type, demographics, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and many more medical histories. Where for liver transplants patients are require to submit Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, demographic information, blood type, diagnosis in order to list patients, and…

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common and prevalent diseases in the world (Raadhika and Shanthi, 2012; Rao and Kulkarni , 2012). Salbutamol sulphate (SS) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm (Sharma et al., 2015). Salbutamol sulphate is readily absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract following oral administration, and it undergoes the first pass metabolism in the liver. It requires multiple dosing a day…