Cardiology

CLINICAL SUMMARY: 286806 DOI: 06/07/2016. Patient is a 48-year-old male sales representative who sustained a work-related injury while walking downstairs to mechanical room when he slipped and fell. CT of the cervical spine obtained on 06/12/16 showed degenerative changes, most pronounced at the-C6-C7 level. Per the Neurology IME report dated 10/07/16, the IW has not reached maximum medical improvement. He has a moderate, 50% partial disability. He should be seen by his physician once a…

Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of heart diseases. According to the CDC, coronary heart disease kills more than 370,000 people every year.1 Coronary heart disease results from the damage of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with nutrients and oxygen. Coronary heart disease causes plaque formation in the coronary arteries narrowing the arteries and decreasing blood flow to the heart. Eventually, heart attack results from the complete…

History of present illness: Mr. F. is a 55-year-old advertising executive who comes to the emergency room complaining of pain in his chest that began 1 hour ago. He describes the pain as pressure under the sternum that radiates into his left arm and up into his jaw. On a scale of 1 to 10, he rates it as a 7 in intensity. He feels short of breath. He has had similar symptoms during the last 2 weeks, but these episodes have lasted for 5 to 10 minutes at the most. He noticed that the symptoms are…

The initial electrical impulse that begins the process of a heartbeat is generated by a group of cells located in the upper chamber of the heart. This special pathway is as follow: the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, his-purkinje network. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cell which is known as the sinoatrial node located in the right atrium. The sinoatrial node sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. The atrioventricular node slows the electrical signal before…

Since their introduction in 1988, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have become one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide especially for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (1) Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively suppress gastric acid production by inhibiting the function of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. (2) Also, the indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) have significantly increased, including GERD. These patients usually tend to be…

Pernilla, S.J., Magnus, J., Anita, S. and Kasim, A. (2010). Computed Tomography Measurement of Different Dimensons of Maxillary and Frontal Sinuses. BMC Med Imag Barghout, G., Prior J.O., Lepori, D. Duvoisin B., Schnyder, P., and Gundinchet, F. (2002). Paranasal Sinuses in Children: Size Evaluation of Maxillary, Spheroid and Frontal Sinuses by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proposal of Volume Index Percentile Curves. Euro Radio, Vol.12(6):1451-1458 Ponde, J.M. (2003). Anatomic Variations of…

A major symptom of heart disease is exercise intolerance, which is thought to be caused by overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via limb edema stimulating group III/IV afferent feedback mechanisms (Figure 1) (7, 8 & 9). Accurately replicating the afferent feedback during exercise is difficult in both healthy and diseased subjects, due to an inability to directly measure afferents in human subjects. Thus most information about the response of afferents comes from post-exercise…

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and the consequent decrease in blood flow throughout the body leads to many widespread effects. For example, when CO is too low, the body starts to prioritize and will decrease blood flow to certain organs, such as the digestive viscera, in order to maintain needed blood flow in organs such as the brain. As a result, a person with CHF will have issues with cachexia and malnutrition because the body is not…

Scleroderma is a rare disease that causes the skin to become thick and hard. It’s a rare disease that can be life threatening. More than 75% of people that get this chronic disease are women. There are usually two types of scleroderma, localized and systemic scleroderma. Localized scleroderma usually only affects the skin, and systemic scleroderma is more serious. It affects the skin, muscles, blood vessels, and organs. The cause of scleroderma is unknown and there is no cure for this disease at…

Although anorexia nervosa wreaks havoc on most major organ systems of the body, the most life-threatening injury is done to the heart. Cardiovascular complications start with the loss of heart muscle, leading to abnormal heart rhythms and low blood pressure. As the emaciated body loses muscle, the heart muscle loses mass and complications such as bradycardia and hypotension arise. Brown and Mehler (2015) have observed, “bradycardia (pulse <60) and hypotension are among the most common…