Cardiac pacemaker

Vascular anomalies are a serious medical condition that affect blood vessel formation in as many as 1 in 10 people (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular anomalies can be divided into two broad categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations (Richter and Suen 2015). Vascular tumors, also known as hemangiomas, are characterized by rapid growth with most undergoing involution once the patient has reached a certain age (Richter and Suen 2015). On the other hand, vascular malformations are…

Alpha-actinin-3 is a protein that is encoded by the “athletic gene”, ACTN3, in humans. ACTN3 is located at the long arm of chromosome 11 and encodes for the expression of alpha-actinin-3 protein in fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Fast glycolytic fibers, or type IIb, are responsible for the generation of rapid forceful contractions. There are some individuals who do not have a working version of this gene, which causes the muscle protein to not be created. These individuals are said to have the…

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is an emergency procedure taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing for someone who is in cardiac arrest (“Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation”). Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of blood flow from the heart’s spontaneous shut down (“Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation”). Some people think of the fake dummies used in CPR classes or learning about it at swim lessons. Some people think of Bee Gee’s song “Stayin’ Alive”, but there’s a lot more to…

corticosteroid treatment. APES will not resolve on its own and requires restarting corticosteroid treatment. 4 Five percent of patients may die of respiratory insufficiency. 3 Patients with myocardial sarcoidosis may develop restrictive cardiomyopathy, cardiac dysrhythmias, and conduction disorders.6 All patients with sarcoidosis will require long-term follow-up. Minimal follow-up includes a year physical exam, PFTs, CMP, eye exam, chest radiograph, and electrocardiogram to look for further…

Background Statement: The board of trustees of Cabarrus Memorial Hospital has proposed to add open-hearth surgery to their cardiac services. They would have to consider getting a certificate of need, costs of renovation and staffing. The latter may include the hiring of Dr. R.S. Christy who has been part of the hospital staff for some time and was popular among the staff and patients. He is about to complete his fellowship and will have to make a career choice before soon. The board would like…

(CNN)Mia Gonzalez spent the first 3½ years of her life missing out. She had to skip day care and dance classes because she constantly had colds and pneumonia. When Mia could go out and play, she was easily winded and took multiple asthma medications to try to help her breathing. After about 10 hospital stays, doctors realized that Mia had a malformation in her aorta, the vessel that pumps blood from the heart. The 4-year-old would need an operation to close off the part of her aorta that was…

Firefighters-from career veterans with twenty or more years, to volunteers with only a few months under their belts-go through intense, rigorous, and extremely important training. What could happen if firefighters just did the minimum amount of training required and that was all they trained? THE DENVER DRILL On 28 September 1992, in Denver Colorado, a three-alarm fire broke out. During attempts to locate and rescue survivors, Mark Langvardt, a 16-year veteran firefighter, was separated from…

The following article will discuss the effects that Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids can have on muscle development in the human body. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are commonly known for being taken for personal use but, there are many medical conditions where anabolic-androgenic steroids must be used and this will also be discussed. Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic drugs related to the male sex hormones called androgens and the term anabolic, refers to the growth of skeletal…

There are more than 30 different genetic diseases that are classified as muscular dystrophies. Muscular dystrophy is the weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that often control movement. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes, also called mutations, interfere with the production of the proteins that are needed to form healthy muscle in the body. There are many kinds of muscular dystrophies and symptoms are more than likely begin during childhood. With different kinds of muscular…

The skeletal muscle system is made of many skeletal muscle fibers which have at least one neuromuscular junction. A neuromuscular junction is the area of the skeletal muscle fiber that is innervated by a motor neuron (motor nerve). It plays a key role in body movement and breathing along with our nervous system. The synaptic knob, motor end plate, and the synaptic cleft are all key parts of the neuromuscular junction. The synaptic knob of an axon connects with a skeletal muscle fiber to form the…