Cardiac pacemaker

Introduction: The heart rate of an animal can be used as an indicator to identify when a stimulus evokes a reaction from the animal. Specifically in the case of humans’, there tends to be the cognitive ability to physically withhold a reaction from a stimulus and mask the involuntary reaction. However, the heart rate reacts immediately after a stimulus, and is not reigned in or controlled cognitively, so could the heart potentially be a true indicator of an individuals reaction to a stimulus?…

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy Zachary Uecker Genetic Disease Abstract Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease that targets skeletal muscles and over time, the muscles lose protein and are replaced by fats and connective tissue, making the skeletal muscles unusable. In this paper, the parts of Duchenne’s that will be covered are the method of transmission, statistics about Duchenne’s in the population, the pathophysiology, the body systems…

harm to the patient. The nurse made a poor decision when she did not give the medication as ordered, and when she failed to report a continual increase in the patient’s heart rate, and when she failed to ensure documentation of the items such as the cardiac monitor when the patient was transferred to the telemetry unit. All of the negligence resulted in the demise of the patient. The intensive care unit nurse also stated in the case that she was not experienced enough to be working in the unit,…

Passive Forces in Limb Movements: Help or Hindrance Introduction Most animals are enabled to move because of contractions and relations of muscles. Vertebrates and invertebrates movement is initiated by a combination of both passive and active forces (Linke, Granzier and Kellermayer, 2003). Passive forces in muscles are forces that develop when an inactive muscle is stretched from its resting length in resistance of the induced stretch. Passive force in the limbs movement of both vertebrate and…

Skeletal System The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. It also includes cartilage, ligaments and tendons. The two main parts of the skeletal system are the axial skeleton with 80 bones and the appendicular skeleton with 126 bones. The primary purpose of the skeletal system is to provide the body with support, protection, movement, storage for minerals and lipids, and to produce red blood cells. The axial skeleton includes the skull, thoracic cage and vertebral column. The…

“A muscle is a tissue composed of cells or fibres, the contraction of which produces movement in the body.” (Dictionary) There are three different types of muscle; voluntary skeletal muscle, involuntary smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Muscles have many different functions within the body. One function of muscle is movement. It is the only tissue in the body which is able to contract and therefore can move more than other body parts. Another function is the maintenance of posture. The muscles…

Synovial joint consists of a joint capsule, a joint cavity and a layer of cartilage over the ends of two joining bones. These joints are lined with synovial fluid. The articular cartilage over the joint ends absorbs jolts as it acts like elastic and it also provides a smooth surface for the joints to move frictionlessly. This fluid also helps in lubricating and protecting the bones. Cartilage is softer and much more flexible than a bone. The major role of cartilage is to form a model for later…

Every year, thousands people get heart valve replacements. There are multiple options for replacement valves that can be generalized as either mechanical or biological. One of the mechanical options from the 1970s and 1980s was the Bjork-Shiley valve, which became infamous because of the controversy surrounding its stress fracture failures. These failures resulted the death of about 400 people, causing the valve to be taken off the market. The decisions made leading to this issue must be…

insidiously and have deadly effects. It is important to know that the signs and symptoms of heart disease present themselves different in men versus women (Nursing Update, 2008). More often than not, men will experience chest pain or discomfort in cardiac crisis while women will experience nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain. Men are more susceptible to developing heart disease after the age of 55, whereas women are more susceptible after the age of 65. Common risk factors for heart disease…

It has been noted that during breeding season, sharks will fast for an extended amount of time, and live off of lipids stored in their livers. Sharks do not necessarily require mating in order to reproduce, this type of reproduction is referred to as “parthenogenesis”. Shark’s senses are highly developed, most particularly their sense of smell which allows them to detect a subtle smell to its exact source. Shark’s sense of sight and hearing, although not quite as developed as their sense of…