Cardiac muscle

Muscles are often only described by large features and classified by a particular region of group of muscles, which does not do the complexity muscle tissue justice. When a skeletal muscle cell is broken down on a microscopic level one is able to truly grasp just how intricate skeletal muscles are along with how they function on a physiological level. Skeletal muscle cells cannot be understood until three key aspects of their structure are enumerated and these are their myofibrils, sarcoplasmic…

Purpose: Recent research indicates that the skeletal muscles of the human body do not function as independent actuators. Instead, they seem to be linked by connective tissue forming myofascial chains. While the existence of such meridians has been demonstrated for the ventral and the dorsal side of the body, no data are available for morphological fusion of lateral muscles. This study aimed to provide evidence for the inferior part of the lateral myofascial chain. Methods: Fourteen legs (7…

later another scientist found two other boys that developed weakness, muscle damage, and damaged muscle tissue that was replaced with fat and connective tissue. 1850 more and more were reported in medical journals of having lost ability to walk, weakness, and death at an early age. Later on French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne found thirteen more boys with the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscle dystrophy. Years later after more research they found out there was…

Myotonic Dystrophy is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder at which an individual has the inability to relax his or her muscles; thus progressing to muscle degeneration and decrease muscle tone [1]. Currently there are two types of muscular dystrophy that are known in the both the medical and scientific community. There’s type one myotonic dystrophy also known as congenital myotonic dystrophy which has an onset at birth. Then there is type two, myotonic muscular dystrophy which has an…

Do you know what a muscle fiber is? A muscle fiber is a single muscle tissue cell. There are three types of muscles. The skeletal, visceral, and cardiac. The skeletal muscles are voluntary, while the visceral muscles are involuntary. In this essay, I will be explaining muscles. There are many interesting facts about the muscles. Muscles are the "engine" that your body uses to propel itself. Did you also know that there are three primary muscle fiber types in humans? Type I, Type IIA, Type…

ACTN3, in humans. ACTN3 is located at the long arm of chromosome 11 and encodes for the expression of alpha-actinin-3 protein in fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Fast glycolytic fibers, or type IIb, are responsible for the generation of rapid forceful contractions. There are some individuals who do not have a working version of this gene, which causes the muscle protein to not be created. These individuals are said to have the ACTN3 mutation and do not respond well to speed or strength activities.…

(a) The structure of the rotator cuff consists of four muscles that all play a role in the motion of the rotator cuff. The four muscles that are responsible for this motion are: the Supraspinatus muscle, the Infraspinatus muscle, the Teres Minor muscle, and the Subscapularis muscle. Each of these muscles originate from the scapula and attach into the humerus. The Supraspinatus muscle originates in the Supraspinatus Fossa and attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus. The infraspinatus…

Maximum contractile force production dependant on muscle and sarcomere length in isolated sartorius muscle of Rhinella marina Abstract: An isolated Sartorius muscle of Rhinella marina was repeatability stimulated with electrical impulses to induce isometric contraction. Contractile forces evoked were measured with a force transducer and the relationship between force and muscle length was investigated through the modulation of sample lengths from 80%-140% of the sample resting length. The data…

waste. The cardiovascular system responds to the increase in exercise. The cardiovascular responses that should have occurred after 8 weeks of exercise, would include, an increase in size of the left ventricle, increase in stroke volume, increased cardiac output, increase in contractility, and an increase in blood flow to myocardium. The muscular walls of the heart thicken especially in the left ventricle, which leads to a more powerful contraction. The increased thickness of the walls of the…

Utilization is being able to extract and use oxygen. Delivery is about the transportation of oxygen cells either through the CVD or pulmonary system. VO2 is important for exercise and transporting oxygen to the muscles. VO2 max is important to health because it gives information on the function cardiac output of the heart, and the arterial-venous oxygen difference. In addition, it is used in making ATP, which is used for energy. Energy is used for your body to keep on working and to perform the…