Cardiac catheterization

The ECG/EKG When most people think of heart tests, they think of the ECG. ECG stands for electrocardiogram. It's also called an EKG, from the German elektrokardiogram. Although it may look like an ECG is recording heartbeats, it's not. In fact, it records the electrical activity (the electrical triggers, if you will) that presage the actual heartbeat. The mechanical beats follow the electrical triggers by about a tenth of a second -- unless, of course, there's a problem. Or to state it in…

Discussion Vascular access, along with airway management is a standard of emergency care, and is an essential part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in many groups of patients. Peripheral vascular access is the most efficient means of gaining vascular access as it’s induces minimal trauma, is the safest method of gaining access to venous circulation. It may however be difficult in stressful situations and require several attempts despite its widespread usage failure may result in prehospital…

Introduction Some of the most important organs in the human body are muscles. Muscles usually make up 30-50% of the body and are responsible for producing skeletal movement, maintaining body position, and regulating body temperature. In a lab, the process of muscle contraction was investigated by exploring the sliding filament theory. An experiment was conducted to determine whether muscle length played a role in the amount of force a muscle produces. In order to fully understand how a muscle…

primarily functions as a source of power.” A muscle is also used for movement and keeping body parts in their right positions. There are 3 different types of muscles, Skeletal which is generally the muscle connected to the bone. Then there is the Cardiac which is only found in the heart, it is responsible for pumping blood through the body. Lastly there is the smooth muscle which is the type of muscle found in our internal organs, blood…

Muscles (Grip strength) In this week’s lab, we was doing an experiment on forearm, and its muscle fiber with nerves. The forearm is a part that between the primates’ elbow and wrist. Forearms contain connective tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue. In which, connective tissue is just radius and ulnar bones. However, there are a great deal of muscles and nerves in the forearm. When a nerve impulse transmission to synaptosomes induced depolarization, allows calcium ions to enter the cell…

In a skeletal system joints, ligaments, and tendons all go hand in hand. A joint is defined by two or more bones that meet. However, with the use of fibrous connective tissue, ligaments allow the joints to be held together. Ligaments are what prevent us from moving in an undesirable plane, another purpose they serve is that they limit the range or extent of normal movement (Wallace 2013). Unlike ligaments where the bone might be attached to another, tendons are fibrous tissue connecting the…

interventricular septum.1 Walls of heart are composed of cardiac myocytes, these cells contain myofilaments, each unit is composed of contractile protein called actin and myosin.3 There are also regulatory proteins such as troponin which binds to actin filament, preventing the myosin head from binding to actin, is found within the myocytes.3 Each myofilament is surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum which stores calcium and adjacent cardiac myocyte are joined in an end to end…

5p- 1200w The most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), mainly in young people. It is characterized by thickening in the left ventricle (LV) wall not related to load condition such as aortic stenosis or systemic hypertension (Bing, Knott et al. 2000). It is estimated that approximately one in 500-1000 population. HCM is a complex genetic inherited cardiovascular disease caused by dominate mutation in coding of cardiac sarcomere proteins gene (Maron, Maron…

are predominate for cardiac metabolic energy production meaning that these two substrates are the main energy providers when it comes to a healthy functioning heart. When a heart is healthy these two substrates are well balanced and are utilized to the fullest, but when this balance is thrown off it results in different cardiac diseases. These chronic cardiac diseases usually have one or the other substrate being utilized more. If glucose is utilized more it can lead to cardiac hypertrophy or…

Levers are needed within the body so that any small forces can be used to help the bigger forces which are needed. The muscle and bones come together to make a lever, this helps to turn a pivot joint also known as mechanic advantage. There are 4 areas of a lever such as the bone on our bones turn to lever arms, the joints turn to pivots, the muscles stimulate effort to move the force or load and the body parts give muscles strength to move what needs lifted. 1st class levers are very uncommon…