Carcinoma

1.5 Drugs targeting the Rab prenylation pathway 1.5.1 Prenylation pathway Prenylation of Rab proteins is the essential lipid modification step that begins the membrane trafficking cycle. It is a crucial post-translational modification that allows the stable attachment of Rab proteins to the membrane by increasing hydrophobicity to be able to insert into the lipid bilayer (Maltese, Wilson and Erdman, 1996). As depicted in Figure 7, the Rab cycle starts with a Rab protein that is GDP bound, in…

The soft consistency of the breast is made of fatty tissues that surround the breast glands. (1) Different breast lesions are present, fibroadenoma is considered the commonest benign tumor while the invasive ductal carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumor. (1) Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in developed countries and its incidence is increasing and so the aim of breast cancer control is early detection for better management and prognosis .(1)…

The Disrespected Lung Cancer Every person knows that if they are diagnosed with cancer it is a life threatening disease. Lung cancer happens to be the highest in deaths compared to every other type of cancer (A Revolution B-48). Wouldn't you think humans would put forth the most effort in biopsies, treatment methods, and research for this cancer? Yet surprisingly, it is not the top funded in any of these categories. Lung cancer biopsy, treatment, and research should be the first priority in…

because the same ability to regenerate endlessly that makes them so valuable in regenerative medicine could make them deadly due to a potential mutation that would allow them to turn cancerous (Eve et al.). But new studies using malignant embryonic carcinoma cells - a cell very close to the stem cell- show that by putting the cells under retinoic acid (which comes from Vitamin A) treatments which forces the cells to differentiate into human neurons, which would allow biologists to “turn off”…

CCL-119), human ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3, ATCC no. HTB- 77), and human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145, ATCC no. HTB-81) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. CCRF-CEM cells were grown on 75 cm2 cell culture flasks with Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-16…

Breast Cancer Breast cancer is defined as the uncontrolled duplication of abnormal cells in the breast tissue. This duplication often takes place in the lining of the milk ducts or milk glands which leads to the formation of a tumor in the breast which can later spread to other parts of the body. Breast cancer can be either invasive or noninvasive, but in most cases, invasive. Invasive means that the cancerous cells grow into other, healthy tissues and spread the disease. Noninvasive means…

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and in many other nations of the world (R. Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015). It is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion of tissues in various parts of our body such as lung, breast, and colon. The American Cancer Society estimates diagnosis of 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer related deaths in the US in 2016 (R. L. Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2016). Breast cancer is identified as a diverse disease in…

uncontrollable growth of cells that invade and cause damage to tissues. Mouth cancer or Oral cancer may arise as a primary lesion originated in any of the tissues in the oral cavity. There are several types of oral cancers, but 90% of them are squamous cell carcinomas, which means that they originate in the tissues that line the mouth and lips and commonly involves the tongue, floor of the mouth and gingiva. Oral cancer has resulted in many deaths since 1990 to today’s date, even that the death…

CHAPTER 15 We must be willing to let go of the life we’ve planned, so as to have the life that is waiting for us. –Joseph Campbell A few weeks later, I took my daughter for her orthodontic checkup. Usually she would be seen right away, but today we waited in his spacious, colorful and cheerful waiting room. There were comfortable chairs with a rectangular sofa table. Different magazines were fanned out across the glass tabletop. A magazine from the center of the pile jumped out at me and…

will never return back to normal due to the depletion of normal liver tissue for fibrotic tissue. Liver cirrhosis can lead to many complications, such as, ascites, portal hypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultimately complete liver failure. 6. Signs and Symptoms Furthermore, clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis all depend on how far the disease has progressed and it can often be asymptomatic for many years. “The most common signs and…