Carcinoma

New Trends and Future Developments of Platinum-Based Antitumor Drugs (Oxaliplatin) Introduction: The purpose of this report is to go through the recent studies and scenarios to get an understanding of future developments of platinum-based antitumor drugs. Cisplatin was discovered in 1845 by an M Peyrone, which lead the molecule to be known as 'Peyrone 's salt '. However the authorization for cisplatin for the cures of ovarian and testicular cancer was given in 1978. Currently in cancer…

Parenteral formulation of an anticancer drug candidate – Tackling poor solubility 1 Introduction Cancer is the number one cause of death in Singapore , and has been on an increasing trend over the years . Hence, the search for anti-cancer drugs and better treatment regimens are widely studied but there are many challenges. One potential cancer treatment strategy is to induce apoptosis in cancer tissues by the modulation of nitric oxide production . Nitric oxide is a reactive, gaseous molecule…

The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the bTURB compared with the mTURB (2.2 vs 3.5 days) (14). Our study showed that the histological analyses revealed transitional cell carcinoma in all patients, it was a low grade in 24 (52.2%) patients and high-grade in 22 (47.8%) patients. Pathohistological classification and the depth of tumor infiltration (pT) were determined by the pathology department. In our study, all the specimens…

Atrophic Vaginitis is a pervasive condition amongst postmenopausal women in which the vaginal epithelium begins to thin and atrophy. It is associated with mucosal dryness, vulvodynia, dyspareunia, vaginal discomfort, and an increased incidence of UTI and stress incontinence. There is a correlation between a decrease in circulating oestradiol during the menopause transition and Atrophic Vaginitis. This paper outlines the effectiveness of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine as a non-hormonal…

The oral submucous fibrosis is defined as a premalignant condition, a generalized state of oral mucosa associated with a significantly increase risk of oral cancer as per WHO1. Oral submucous fibrosis is high risk premalignant condition characterized by the changes in connective tissue fibers of lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the mucosa and restricted mouth opening.2 Schwartz first reported OSMF in a series of Indian women living in east Africa there are descriptions…

Introduction to the resubmission of R21 AI128282-01 HU, JIAFEN; CHRISTENSEN, NEIL We thank the Reviewers for their positive comments for our choice of model system as well as for their thoughtful comments, perspectives, and constructive suggestions to improve our proposal. The reviewers agreed that “This (model) is a good application that addresses a problem of high importance in the field”, and “Understanding the innate immune response against the pathogen will generate important information…

case, having a larger casque would be described as a variant of the trait decreasing fitness in the individuals. Individuals with larger casques are prone to injury, environmental damage and disease. One of the most common diseases is squamous cell carcinoma which affects the casque (Gamble, 2007). Female individuals would prefer individuals with smaller casques to avoid mates that could not survive the nesting…

apparatus found in yeast to investigate these processes. The components of these elongation factors are important targets for antibacterial and antifungal drugs such that improper expressions and mutations in these factors can cause several forms of Carcinoma; a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells or tissues that line the outer surface of the body. Mutations could also affect protein synthesis and viral replication. The team track the…

of cancer. Cancer is characterized by an out of control growth of tissues within one’s body. These cells are known as a mutated tissue cells, and these resulted in a new replication patterns. The word cancer was derived from the term carinas and carcinoma to describe non-ulcer forming or ulcer-forming tumors by the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 B.C). Studies over the centuries have been trying to determine the derivatives of the mutated cells being that cancer dates back to about 3000…

Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) refers to an otherwise unsuspected adrenal mass found in up to 5 % of patients undergoing radiological imaging. As high as one in five incidentalomas are functional; hypersecretion of cortisol causing Cushing’s or Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome (SCS), catecholamines leading to pheochromocytoma, aldosterone resulting in primary aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), androgens leading to virilization of patients, and in very rare cases renin manifesting as secondary…