Carcinoma

Adjuvant breast radiation therapy is a fundamental component that substantially reduces the risk of local recurrences in both noninvasive and invasive breast cancer, along with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Overall survival rates improve when given after breast conservation surgery. Historically, the typical breast radiation regime is whole breast irradiation (WBI), which is delivered over 5 to 6 weeks. Unfortunately excessive radiation exposure to healthy tissue can produce side effects…

non-small cell lung cancer. Small cell is the aggressive form of lung cancer that usually starts in the bronchi and spreads quickly. Non-small lung cancer tends to spread less quickly. There are three main subtypes to non-small cell; Squamous cell carcinoma, Large cell…

your skin, sun damage can lead to skin cancer. There are three main types of skin cancer, where each type of skin cancer is named after which cell they grow in our skin. Skin is made up of basal cells, squamous cells and melanocytes. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer but the…

Some neurological defects like hydrocephaly, lissencephaly, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum are also reported with the Proteus syndrome. 112 It may cause paraspinal hamartoma. 110 Protuberance of the skull, 113 structural and functional asymmetry of the central nervous system, 114 hydrocephalus and mental retardation are also some features of proteus syndrome. 113 Epilepsy and ohtahara syndrome is diagnosed in children affected by Proteus syndrome associated with infantile spasms,…

Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women, particularly around women between the ages of 30-45. Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the woman’s cervix. If left undetected or untreated, it has the potential of spreading to other parts of the body, eventually leading to death. The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the precursor to cervical cancer. HPV infects cells in the cervix and causes dysplasia that leads to cervical cancer. Picture from American Cancer Society…

Wanna Smoke? Imagine a line of 158,040 corpses lined up in hospital beds. This is the number of people that die from lung cancer annually. Although it surmounts all other cancers with its mortality rates, lung cancer is often given the “back burner” when it comes to ribbons and walks. Perhaps people do not realize that it is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Lung Cancer consists of many different types caused by different reasons but with several treatment options.…

ABSTRACT Introduction There are different types of pneumonia, whereby Hospital Acquired Pneumonia is one of them. It is a disease that is contracted in a hospital normally after 48 hours of admission. This is dangerous, normally bacterial, disease. What make the disease so dangerous is that the patients who contract the Hospital Acquired Pneumonia immune system are low as they are already critically ill. The germs in the hospital are also more dangerous than that in the community. Case…

everyone is aware of the terrifying statistics caused by soaking up those harmful rays. Indoor tanning is a cacogenic, according to skincancer.org, and one indoor tanning session can increase users’ risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by 67 percent and basal cell carcinoma by 29 percent. For some reason though, the usage of tanning beds has skyrocketed over the past couple of years. Us, parents must be “totally uncool” if we do not let our daughter tan before her homecoming dance. Going…

metastatic disease may develop bone pain in the back or leg, liver abnormalities, and lung symptoms (eg, cough, difficulty breathing). How is breast cancer diagnosed? Breast cancer is diagnosed by pathologic confirmation of tissue demonstrating carcinoma (malignant epithelial cells) on biopsy. Asymptomatic women who are incidentally found to have a breast mass on routine mammography typically undergo breast biopsy guided by mammogram (stereotactic biopsy) or ultrasound. Those that have a…

CIN 1= mildest form, CIN 3 = most severe (Sun Kuie 2009). There are two main types of invasive cervical cancer: • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) develops in the cells of the squamous epithelial lining of the ectocervix. SCC is the most common form of cervical cancer and always ensues CIN. • Adenocarcinomas develop in the glandular, mucus-producing epithelial cells of the endocervix…