Carcinoma

The first scanning electron microscope (SEM) was invented by Manfred von Ardenne in 1937 (McMullan). However, further development of the SEM was accomplished by Charles Oatley and his colleagues at Cambridge University (McMullan; Egerton 17). He and his colleagues acquired their first images from the SEM in 1951 (Egerton 17). The SEM was developed because if a TEM is utilized, a specimen must be made extremely thin to prevent the electrons from dispersing inside the specimen and so the electrons…

Covered By: Kiauna Pinnock & Weschester Junior Nine researchers in the fields of biochemistry, nanoscience & technology and medical biotechnology from various research institutes and universities came together with an interest in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). HCC is one type of the malignant tumors that occur in the liver. It is the fifth most common worldwide and third most common cause of cancer mortality. With that in mind, these nine researcher did some foot work and came across…

The first and most frequent type of skin cancer, is known as basal cell carcinoma, or BCC. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation (2015), this is actually the most common type of cancer. There has been 2.8 million cases of people who have been diagnosed with skin cancer in the United States alone, in 2010 and this number only climbs every year (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2015). Basal cell carcinoma is nothing more than the basal cell growing uncontrollably causing a tumor. This cancer…

ducts into the surrounding fatty tissue of the breast. IDC is able to metastasize to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or other parts of the body through the blood stream. The second most common type of breast cancer is invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Approximately 1in 10 invasive breast cancers are diagnosed as ILC, however it is usually more difficult to detect by a mammogram that IDC. ILC differs from IDC in that ILC begins to develop in the cells that line the lobules, milk…

How Uranium affects TP53 Do we know how Uranium affects TP53 to affect our bodies? Uranium is a dense radioactive metal, that is used as fuel in nuclear reactors. Uranium has several isotopes, and the most important of these, are radioactive and presented in nature. This radioactive substance affects our bodies in many contrasting ways. Examples are, our organs, DNA, our tissue, bones, and TP53 gene. In this paper, we will focus most on how Uranium affects TP53 to affect our body. The official…

In a majority of the cases, HCC is associated with the underlying chronic liver disease, and it is diagnosed in advanced stage of disease when curative treatment options are not applicable. The curative treatments include radiofrequency ablation, liver transplantation, or tumor resection.Selection of a treatment modality is based on tumor size, location, extrahepatic spread, and underlying liver function. Surgical resection or liver transplantation is the first line treatment option for early…

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers. NSCLC has three subtypes: adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is found in the central part of the lungs and is often linked to smoking. Adenocarcinoma arises from the bronchial mucosal glands and is the most common of the three subtypes. Large cell carcinoma can be found in any part of the lungs and tends to grow and spread quickly. The development of non-small cell…

Skin Cancer The abnormal growth of skin cells is what causes skin cancer. This is sometimes brought on by too much expose to the sun. There are three main types of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Reducing your exposure to sun can help in preventing skin cancer. Checking your skin regularly for any abnormalities is important to detecting skin cancer at the earliest stages. Skin cancer normally appears on areas of the body that get exposed to the…

“In 2015, there will be an estimated 60,290 new cases of breast carcinoma in situ diagnosed, 83% of which will be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 12% lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). This year’s special section reviews breast carcinoma in situ, including incidence rates and trends, risk factors, prognostic characteristics, and treatment patterns. It is intended to inform anyone interested in learning more about breast carcinoma in situ, including policy makers, researchers, clinicians,…

1. Cervical polyp. A cervical polyp is a tear-shaped or lobular structures that appears red, purple, or flesh-colored located on the cervix that is usually smaller than three centimeters (Laufer, 2016). Chronic inflammation of the cervical canal and hormone factors may increase the rise for polyps to develop. Often times the cause is unknown. A patient with a cervical polyp will present with painless spotting that occurs after sexual intercourse or irregularly during the menstrual cycle. A…