Carcinoma in situ

Neurological disorders (brain disorders, including cerebrovascular accident, brain tumor, normal pressure hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury); inflammation of bladder (calculi; tumor, including transitional cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ; inflammatory lesions of the bladder; urinary tract infection); bladder outlet obstruction (see Urinary retention); stress urinary incontinence (mixed urinary incontinence; these conditions often coexist but relationship between them remains…

outcome prediction models and nomograms” (Edge & Compton, 2010). Staging of cancer materializes in distinct stages. The first stage is stage 0 where there is the existence of abnormal cells which have not spread. It is also referred to as a carcinoma or in situ. At this phase, it is not cancer. Stage 1 is localized cancer, and if it spreads, it develops into stage 2. Here, the cancerous…

mastectomies with immediate implant reconstruction. This part of the paper will discuss the pros and cons of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and contributing factors to increased rate of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive breast cancer, where proliferations of malignant ductal epithelial cells remain confined within intact breast ducts.1 It is a precursor lesion that has the potential to transform into an invasive cancer over…

Understanding Pancreatic Cancer There is still so much that scientists don 't know about such intricate diseases such as cancer, but as technology improves, diseases that were previously thought of as incurable are now being researched, broken down, and with that treatments are being developed. The prevalence of various cancers is exponentially increasing, and pancreatic cancer is no exception. By the end of this research paper, the researcher will have discussed the known pathophysiology,…

We started off Wednesday, knowing we would be covering a topic that was completely new to pretty much everyone attending. We were covering transposable elements. These were first discovered by Barbara McClintock in corn kernels. She noticed that the corn kernels were either colored, or plain- but once in a while they were spotted. Most scientists at the time assumed that the chromosome for color had been repressed or had broken off. However, Dr. McClintock felt that if the chromosome had been…

79-110 million people are currently infected and the worldwide risk of HPV infection at least once in their lifetime in both men and women is 50% (Handler et al., 2015). The risk of being infected with HPV is 24% after someone becomes sexually active if they are also under 25 years old (Foreman et al., 2012). Worldwide, cervical cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women with a higher mortality rate in developing nations (Handler…

cells and increases the chances that the cells become cancerous. Once the cell’s DNA is damaged and starts to multiply without restrain, it gives way to cervical cancer. The development of cervical cancer is then divided into 5 stages. In the carcinoma in situ or stage 0, the cancerous cells lie on the cervix but do not penetrate it. Here, the cancer is barely starting and relatively easy to cure when diagnosed early with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. In stage 1, the cancer spreads into the…

reported RAF rearrangement in a small subset of gastric cancer (AGTRAP-BRAF) and melanoma (BRAF and RAF1). AKAP9-BRAF in thyroid cancer45 and KIAA1549-BRAF in pilocytic astrocytoma46 have also been reported by others and recently pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma was known to have RAF kinase rearrangements similar to the fusion genes that we identified in prostate cancer but with different tissue specific 5’partner gene27. Similarly “druggable” kinase gene fusion, EML4-ALK47 was identified in…

In November 2008, I was a normal teenage girl in the eighth grade, when my mother, Stacie Laprarie, was diagnosed with breast cancer. I remember this day very clearly. I had a normal day at school, only to come home and find both my parents upset. As soon as my brother and I walked in the door, our parents sat us down at the kitchen table, to tell us that our mom had received a phone call from her doctor and, she has been diagnosed with breast cancer. They told us not to worry, and they…

Treatments/Managing for Colorectal cancer If you have colorectal tumor, your social insurance group will make a treatment arrange only for you. It will be founded on your necessities and may incorporate a blend of various medications. At the point when choosing which medicines to offer for colorectal malignancy, your social insurance group will consider: The area of the tumor or where the disease has returned (repeated) The stage of the cancer. Your general health. Your personal…