Carboxylic acid

Amine synthesis is a three-step organic reaction that converts an alkyl halide to a primary amine. The advantage offered by Gabriel Amine synthesis is that it avoids poly-alkylation. Step 1: acid-base reaction. The acidic phthalimide molecule gets deprotonated by a strong base. The strength of an acid depends on the stability of the conjugate base. The negative charge on the conjugate base of phthalimide is delocalised over three highly electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The combined…

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Nature of the Dissertation Identification, quantification and analysis Amoxicillin and Flucloxacillin Sugar free antibiotics which are manufactured at Athlone Laboratories by high liquid fluid chromatography (HPLC). The project also involves Method Transfer validation by analysis Amoxicillin Sugar Free for the new project of GSK Mayenne France, this involved Identification, quantification and analysis of carrying Amoxicillin Trihydrate API and Sodium Benzoate in…

Aims of Experiment 1. To extract benzoic acid from the toluene-benzoic acid mixture, using oxidation-reduction reaction (chemical properties) and difference of solubility (physical properties) –Expt. 1 2. To learn how to recrystallize the solid organic compounds well for getting more purified compounds –Expt. 2 3. To find which differences between raw product and recrystallized product are observed. –Expt. 2 4. To determine melting point range of organic compounds with digital melting point…

After deprotonation of 6.8 mmol naphthalen-2-ol by 14.0 mmol NaOH, the resulting anion was placed together with 8.8 mmol 1-iodobutane, and the reaction was performed by reflux in 20 mL of ethanol (EtOH) solvent, and the product was allowed to cool on ice and collected by suction filtration. The final crystals had a very pale amber color and were odorless. The following week, after being allowed to completely dry for a week at room temperature, the IR spectrum of the product in liquid suspension…

Abstract: A simple, novel, and sensitive method developed for estimation of Dappagliflozin and Saxagliptin. The method was carried out on reverse- phase C18 inertsil column, with mixture of Methanol: Water ( 80:20) ratio as a mobile phase, 1 ml / min flow rate. Different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), robustness were determined according to the International conference on Harmonization ICH guidelines. The…

sugar out of the blood.  When you drink a caffeinated soft drink to quench your thirst, you will actually become thirstier 11/05/2014 SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 18 19. KIDNEY FAILURE: Drinking large amounts of soft drinks containing phosphoric acid may be especially harmful. Having poor kidney function can lead to unusually high levels of phosphorous in your blood that lower calcium levels, increasing your risk of bone disease and brittle bones. That cola beverages can increase the…

Sulphite ion (SO32-) is a weak base, but undergoes some hydrolysis to produce basic solutions. In acidic solution, the equilibria are shifted to form sulfurous acid, resulting in the evolution of SO2 gas. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic choking odor. The sulfites of Na+, K+, and NH4+ are soluble in water. Most other sulfites are insoluble in water. However, due to the basic nature of SO32-, all sulfites dissolve in acidic solution. Sulphites may occur in natural waters or…

Step six is to approach the correct industry. An industry has sub-parts. For example, if you look at the chemical industry, you will find sub-industries like Fertilizers, Pesticides, Paints and Varnishes, Organic chemicals. Therefore, it is important to focus on the relevant industry. Without this, it will be impossible to draw an accurate industry analysis report. It can also be time consuming if industry is done on all the parts of the industry. It is easier to take up an industry and find out…

Abstract: The melting point ranges for the substances Tartaric Acid, Acetaminophen, and Phenacetin, which are in powder form and white in color, was found and compared to their literature values to find their purity. The melting point range of a 9:1 mixture of Phenacetin and Tartaric acid was later found to show the effect an impure substance has on temperature. Melting point range for unknown three that was lastly tested was matched to Acetaminophen by comparing their melting points.…

Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to test whether or not the heart rate of a daphnia was effected by three different solutions being added: alcohol, lactic acid and, caffeine. We determined that when alcohol was added the heart rate would decrease. When lactic acid was added the heart rate would decrease, as well. When caffeine was added the heart rate would increase. We determined that alcohol would slow the heart rate because it is a depressant. Since humans that drink alcohol…