Carboxylic acid

1. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic aromatic amines which, together with purines, form nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, the basic structural component of DNA and RNA. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine, and in RNA uracil replaces thymine (Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell, Farrell & Torres, 2013). 
DNA and RNA are found in the nuclei of all cells and their job is to transmit the information needed for cellular growth and reproduction (Averill & Eldredge,…

Results/Discussion: 2-butanol and Acetic Acid were refluxed together with anti-bumping granules and a catalyst of sulphuric acid for 1 hour and five minutes. Anti-bumping granules are small ceramic granules which have rough edges. They are added within a mixture to encourage smooth boiling. In this experiment by adding the anti-bumping granules we were able to achieve smooth boiling throughout both the reflux process and the distillation process. Without adding these granules, bubbles of vapour…

Luminol is synthesized in a two-step reaction. The first step is the condensation of 3-nitrophthalic acid. The product of this step subsequently reacts with sodium dithionite to reduce the –NO2 to –NH2. The reaction mechanisms for these steps are depicted below.…

reaction of propylene oxide and water. This involve the process of the hydrolysis of propylene oxide (C3H6O, PO) with the presence of excess water and a small concentration of catalyst. The catalyst that plays the role in this reaction is the sulphuric acid. The reaction occurs in the reactor at the reasonable rate which near the ambient temperatures. The temperature of the solution can rises due to the continuous reaction process. The heat reaction because of the temperature of propylene…

formic acid and methanol. However, both the compounds are polar compounds which show almost same retention time on C18 column [40]. It was also verified from the experimental results that both species give peaks around the same time of 4-5 minutes, so to avoid the confusion and overlapping of peaks, a wavelength of 250nm was selected where Formic acid gives high absorption and gives sharp peaks while methanol does not give any peak at 250nm. Around 4-5 minutes there will be a peak of Formic acid…

An insight in the biophysical properties of bio macromolecules Natural biopolymers such as nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates are essential for life as we see it today. It is incredible to think how this vast set of molecules that are in every living thing, from bacteria to human beings, are mostly made up by six elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus). These biopolymers have the properties to, from small monomers, build giant tridimensional structures with a…

Using your knowledge of protein structure And “R” groups explain why these are necessary. Matter cannot be destroyed nor created there for proteins are broken down into amino acids and then go through the anabolic reaction which builds them back up 8) Would you hypothesize that the meat tenderizer would still work if it were? Heated? Why? Meat tenderizer is an enzyme. Enzymes denature in extreme heat but work really good…

7-(4-(3-(4-substituted benzylidineamino) phenyl imino)-5-fluoro-2- oxidoline-1 -yl)methyl)piprazine-1-yl-) 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo- 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3- carboxylic acid. schiff bases ligand and their metal complexes with Mn (II),Cu(II),Ni(II), have been synthesized by Pallavi et al, 2014 , and then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.These compounds were potent and showed significant anti…

fats and fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews, 18(5), 146–147. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1960.tb01737.x Bleda, S., de Haro, J., Varela, C., Esparza, L., Rodriguez, J., & Acin, F. (2012). Improving total-cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol ratio results in an endothelial dysfunction recovery in peripheral artery disease patients. Cholesterol, 2012, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/895326 Kumar, D., & Ali, A. (2015). Direct synthesis of fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid alkyl esters from high free fatty acid…

electrolytes in their cell structures. In humans this balance is regulated by hormones. Disruption of this balance leads to health problems. Electrolytes are useful for electrical batteries and fuel cells. Electrolytes commonly exist as solutions of acids, bases, or salts. Some gases act as electrolytes under conditions of high temperature of low pressure. Solutions are formed when a salt is placed into a solvent such as water. An electrolyte solution may be described as concentrated if it has a…