Carbon

enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images, while diastereomers are not mirror images. Stereochemistry focus mainly on chiral centers, which is a carbon with four different substituents attached to it. Though there are different types of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) such a proton and carbon, this experiment focus on phosphorous NMR which gives a wider spectral…

In this work we have prepared ceramic-polybenzoxazine composites based on poly(P-ddm) as matrix reinforced by 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of GX-540 silane-treated nano-Cr2O3 filler via a solution blending method in THF. These nanocomposites are used as new organic coating materials. The effect Cr2O3 nanofillers inclusion on the viscoelastic properties of poly(P-ddm) is studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Figure 76 illustrates the change in the storage modulus at 50oC and…

The remaining acid chloride then reacts with diethylamine. Diethylamine is used in excess to neutralize the hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom performs a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon, while a pair of electrons in the double bond is pushed to the oxygen atom. When an electron pair from the oxygen atom restores the double bond, the chloride ion will act as a leaving group. The nitrogen atom is deprotonated by a chloride atom,…

Naturally political Humans are killing the earth; destroying it by pollution. Some are claiming that the anthropogenic effect on the earth is destruction, while others say these claims are nothing more than fear mongering based around erroneous evidence. Potential presidential candidates Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders have taken their own stances on this subject and aim to address it effectively so that the public may be ensured of its relevancy. The environment is suffering, it is a…

Polymer - A word, which is connote for large molecules (that a molecule made from simple repeating units called monomers). The monomers are main building block of polymers. Polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday human life because of the extraordinary range of properties. Polymers are among the most widely used and important type of materials today. Polymers have been with us from the beginning of time; they form the very basis (building blocks) of life. Animals, plants all…

secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing the carbon that had a positive charge to have a full octet and to be neutral. Then, the sodium bicarbonate deprotonates the oxygen, which makes the oxygen neutral and forms pinacolone as the product. A technique that was used in this experiment was a…

Phase Diagram and Phase Transformation Fig. 1 shows (FCC) Nickel-(BCC) Chromium binary phase diagram. The eutectic reaction takes place at 1345°C and the composition is 51% Cr and 49% Ni. The solid solubility of Cr in Ni is extensive which is evident from the phase diagram. Phase transformations of two Ni-Cr alloys are explained below. One is Ni40Cr60 (Line 2) which is closer to eutectic composition and contains greater % Cr and the other alloy is Ni68Cr32 (Line 1) which contains greater % Ni.…

macrocyclic organic molecules Phthalocyanines (1) which are comparable to the naturally occurring porphyrin (2) ring systems shown in (Figure 1). The porphyrin molecule consists up of four pyrrole subunits which are associated in n-conjugation by methine carbons. 1 2 Figure 1: structures of phthalocyanine and porphyrins molcule The compound Phthalocyanine molecule consist of four…

The transformation temperature is strongly influenced: by the interstitial elements oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon (alpha stabilizers), which raise the transformation temperature; by hydrogen (beta stabilizer), which lowers the transformation temperature; and by metallic impurity or alloying elements, which may either, raise or, lower the transformation temperature…

or gases in room temperature and are generally rather poor conductors of thermal energy (heat) and electricity. They furthermore possess lower densities, boiling and melting points than metals. There may be certain rule-breakers, however, including carbon, which is a relatively good conductor of electricity. Yet, it retains all other properties associated with nonmetals aside from that single difference. Opposed to metals, nonmetals are additionally nonmalleable, or resistant to shattering, and…