Capillary

(CLL) is the most common in adults, this type evolves from a white blood cell called B cells. When CLL causes stem cells to function improperly, other cells in the area are affected. The circulatory system contains the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. If leukemia is present, it has the capability to freely travel to other parts of the body. Leukemia can also affect the digestive system and even the central nervous…

In order for the human body to be in equilibrium we need diffusion and osmosis to regulate the movement of substances. This not only occurs in plants and animals but in humans too. Diffusion is a form of passive transport since it does not require energy, and since osmosis is a specific type of this dispersion it does not require cellular energy as well. Yet it still needs kinetic energy. As small as these two mechanisms are they occur in our body on a daily basis. Diffusion is an extended way…

Successful maintenance activity remains a challenging area of research because of the multifactorial contributions of age, nutrition, hormones, medical comorbidities, and activity level to changes in muscle over time. There is a spectrum of changes in aging muscle, some of which are normal and some of which are not. Sarcopenia has been more quantitatively defined as relative muscle mass less than 2 standard deviations below a sex-matched control group aged 18 to 40 years, but the lack of a…

Pollution is the introduction of a harmful material to any environment. This can be natural or produced by mankind. Some examples of natural pollutants may be the wastes of all animals, insects and birds, also mud, volcanic ash, etc. On the other hand we have the pollution created by humans. This is the one that has affected the environment in enormous ways, polluting not only the environment, but also ecosystems to, extinguishing tons of animals per minute, destroying land every were they…

exercise, the musculoskeletal system responds in a number of ways. The muscles increase in temperature and metabolic activity as a short-term response to acute exercise and this accordingly increases the demand for oxygen, a demand that is met through capillary dilation to increase blood supply. The muscles warm during any form of exercise as to make them more pliable and so to reduce any risks of injury; this is known as an increase in muscle pliability. Movement of the joints…

[RO-System] Reverse Osmosis, known as RO system, is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminant from water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. To understand the purpose and the process of Reverse Osmosis, should understand the natural Osmosis operation. Natural Osmosis: The phenomenon of osmosis occurs when pure water flows from a dilute saline solution through a membrane into a higher concentrated saline solution. (Example of osmosis…

Introduction: The heart plays a crucial role in the human circulatory system. The large organ pumps the blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries to distribute oxygen and nutrients to the body. The circulatory system also plays a part in removing our waste products. Humans have double circulation, meaning the blood passes through the heart twice before completing one round; this allows for the blood to be “re-pressurized”. Once the right side of the heart receives blood from the body,…

vessel. After some time, the build up of plaque activates the body’s inflammatory process. Macrophages are sent to clean up the debris however if there is a high amount of lipids, the macrophages become enlarged and are not able to leak through the capillary bed via vascular permeability.…

insulin sensitizing agents can increase ovulation rates in some women with PCOS. Metformin has been used widely for that purpose. Aromatase Inhibitors Anastrozole and letrozole are triazole derivatives that act as potent, competitive, nonsteroidal inhibitors of aromatase. Aromatase is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in estrogen production. Letrozole inhibits estrogen production in the hypothalamus–pituitary axis, which results in compensatory increase in gonadotropin-releasing…

Caffeine is found in many products such as in pharmaceutical supplements, and beverages. Caffeine is mainly obtained from plant seeds or tea leaves. Extraction of caffeine is done to make decaffeinated coffee. There are three methods used to extract caffeine such as water extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and extraction by organic solvents. For this lab, the method used to extract caffeine will be by organic solvents. The purpose of the procedure is see how caffeine is isolated…