Capillary

pigment called haemoglobin and iron-containing protein molecules that transport the oxygen, white blood cell and platelets. Blood vessels are the tubular structure that transports the blood to the tissues and cells, consisting of arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries have thicker walls since they have to withstand the vigorous pressure of blood being pumped from the heart, which means their job is to carry blood away from the heart and…

The lymphatic system is a serious of ducts, nodes, nodules and lymph vessels among other structures and components that teams up to fight off bacteria and foreign substances that enter the body. The system is part of the immune system and it relies on various types white blood cells called lymphocytes that fight off bacteria, reduce inflammation, and respond to allergic reactions. The white blood cells are produced in the marrow of the bones beginning as stem cells. The stem cells…

can take place in three parts. • Filtration – This process happens in the entire nephron system. When blood goes through and into the capillary at the beginning of the nephron, small molecules, such as glucose, urea, ions and water are cleaned out and passed through the nephron tubule. The larger molecules such as blood proteins, cannot fit through the capillary wall as they are too big, therefore they stay in the bloodstream. • Reabsorption – When the small molecules are cleaned out from the…

Gas Exchange Gas exchange is the process in which gases enter and leave a body by diffusion across gas exchange surfaces. Gas exchange is important as it transfers oxygen from surroundings of an organism to individual cells in the organism’s body, needed by the cells for respiration to occur. Carbon dioxide is released. This process produces energy which is essential to an organism for survival. Group 1 – Insects The definition of an insect is any of a group of small and often winged animals…

Mary Ann at 27 years of age decided to improve her lifestyle by being more active and eating healthy. After living a sedentary life she starts her training with a VO2 max at 38ml/kg/min, which is the rate of oxygen consumption that an person can utilize during intense exercise. After training for 6 months Mary Ann’s VO2 max increased to 52/ml/kg/min. I will be explaining how she was able to increase her oxygen consumption levels by increasing her cardiac output, and increasing her…

There are multiple factors that contribute to the build-up of plaque in the vessels and in turn, the development of atherosclerosis (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p327). The disease attacks different arteries in the body, but the most harmful conditions involve damages to the vessels of the brain and the heart (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p329). Understanding of the structures and mechanisms that take place in the heart and the brain to allow for blood distribution is a critical component for anyone…

These tend to stick out in terms of physical appearance but cannot be the only determinant in diagnosing FAS. Other disorders may share similar features as FAS.3 Due to these three factors FAS is easier to recognize, but others which fall under FASD, such as ARND, may be more difficult because only limited neural problems may be present. Also, to accurately confirm conditions such as ARND requires knowledge that alcohol was consumed during pregnancy.9 To acquire this helpful information has…

(Pittman, 2011). This creates a pressure gradient that allows oxygen to diffuse into the capillaries in the alveoli. These capillaries have blood that has red blood cells that carries oxygen in two forms: dissolved in plasma and red blood cells water and bound to hemoglobin. The blood carried in hemoglobin accounts for 98%, of all oxygen in blood (Pittman, 2011). The blood cells then infiltrate into the capillaries that supply the tissues. The oxygen then diffuses into the tissue from the…

When the capillary refill on the hands that are cold, clammy, and pale to begin with, with results lasting more than 1 or 2 seconds, this indicates vessel constriction or decreased cardiac output found in patients that are dehydrated or hypovolemic, with heart failure…

Pulmonary edema is caused by leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries out into the interstitial space and alveoli. The most common cause of pulmonary edema is either a cardiac or vascular problem. Cardiac problems include mitral valve stenosis or left sided heart failure, both of which increase the pulmonary venous pressure and consequently pulmonary capillary pressure. Vascular problem could arise from an insult to the blood capillary membranes or lung parenchyma caused by infections or…