Cancer staging

Breast Cancer Case Study 1. Susan will have a variety of tests done to determine what stage of cancer she has. What types of testing would you anticipate she would have to determine her definitive diagnosis and how will the tumor be classified? a. Diagnostic Tests: Susan will go through many tests to determine the stage of her cancer. Some of the tests she will undergo include axillary lymph node status, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, cell-proliferative indices, and…

principally of cells resembling neuroblasts that give rise to cells of the sympathetic system. Cancer starts when cells in the body begin growing out of control. Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that starts in early forms of nerve cells found in an embryo/ fetus. Neuroblastoma is by far the most common cancer in infants less than 1 year old. Neuroblastoma is accountable for about 6 percent of all cancer in young children. The prefix ‘neuro’ refers to the nerves. The nervous system would consist…

Physical and Genetic Mutilation One person dies each minute from cancer. Cancer, among other diseases caused by genetic mutation, can potentially be prevented by scientific gene manipulation. Ten percent of the cases of cancer in the United States are caused by genetics, not environmental or physical factors. So if doctors can manipulate the gene pool before birth in an unborn child, would that be an ethical thing to do? There are similar moral and ethical dilemmas in the book The Island of Dr.…

diseases and one of the most deadly is usually cancer. Live cancer is one of the worst types of cancer your dog can have because the liver provides a function for the immune system as well as removing toxins from the body. If you suspect your dog have liver cancer you will want to take him or her to the vet immediately to start a course of treatment. There are four treatments your dog can undergo for the liver cancer, but first let's look at what liver cancer is and the symptoms associated with…

Cancer is one of those words that everyone dreads. There are various types of cancer and any type of cancer is really bad news. All types of cancer are life threatening (this is what makes them so dreadful). Even with all that medical advancement we still don't have a complete cure for all types of cancer. However, there is continuous research going-on for finding better treatments for cancer and to increase our knowledge on cancer in general. Though there are treatments currently available for…

Skin Cancer Introduction The skin does its best on protecting against the heat, injury and infection. Skin helps control body temperature and will store water and fat. Skin Cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells that usually develops on skin that is exposed to the sun. Typically it can be found on areas such as the scalp, face, lips, ears, neck, chest, arms, hands, and on legs in women (“http://www.skincancer.org”). Less often, this common form of cancer can also occur on areas of your…

Advanced disease: FIGO III-IV The standard treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer is maximal surgical cytoreduction (total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy) followed by systemic platinum-based chemotherapy and, actually, is reasonable to expect a 5-year survival for 10-30% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer at stage III or IV (34). The concept of primary debulking surgery is to diminish the residual…

Chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the cancer of myeloid or white blood cells (WBC). • CML causes an overproduction of mature, in some cases defective, WBC and platelets. This overproduction can cause splenomegaly and fever. Hepatomegaly and weight loss caused by an increase in metabolism. • CML is a rare form of cancer accounting for 0.5% of all cancer cases. CML is diagnosed in 2 of every 100,000 persons, and it is more prominent in men than women. • There…

Pre-operative CT scan is as an important imaging tool to prognosticate the disease and assess the operability. Along with an oesophagoduodenoendoscopy, majority of these tumors were detected pre-operatively. The aim of this study is to see the association of pre-operative CT scan features and its malignant potential in our local setting and this study has shown that there is association of tumor morphology of extramural to the malignant potential of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Most GIST…

Cancer screening is an effective way to scan the body for cancer before severe symptoms occur. These tests help medical professionals detect many different cancers such as; breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. Examples of methods of tests for various cancers include mammograms (breast cancer), and PAP smears (cervical cancer). Mammograms use an x-ray to scan the breasts for cancerous tumors, and a PAP test is a way of cervical screening which is used to detect pre-cancerous and also…