Caliphate

The Cairo Genizah or “Sacred Trash” is the collection of 300,000 manuscript of Jewish literary collected from the storeroom of Ben Eza Synagogue in old Cairo, Egypt. Genizah in Hebrew means hide away or keeping aside, like Janaza (means burial) in Arabic is derived from Persian word ganj denotes a treasure. These manuscripts dated from 870 CE to 19th century, contain approximately 1000 years of information about the Jewish communities of Cairo (Schechter). Genizah contains the largest…

If America and the coalition wish to defeat the Islamic State and re-stabilize Iraq and the Levant, Assad should be funded and the FSA discarded.The continual conflict in Syria is one of the most controversial and misconcepted engagements in the modern era, because of media organizations spreading these truthless allegations and misconceptions. Most westerners view the Syrian Civil War as a fight between an evil regime led by the brutal and malicious Bashar Al-Assad, and Peaceful democracy…

The importance of knowledge in the Islamic world was intrinsic to its culture. For, the Prophet Muhammad had repeatedly stressed on the importance of knowledge and learning: “Acquire knowledge, it enables its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lights the way to heaven. It is our friend in the desert, our company in solitude and companion when friendless. It guides us to happiness, it sustains us in misery, it is an ornament amongst friends and an armour against enemies.” Several…

INRODUCTION The spirit of patriotism is necessary for regeneration of any nation. India attained its cultural and political independence after a series of political history, such as Anticolonial movements, Nationalist consolidation, choice of political system after independence, economic strategy etc. India had to face a big problem in order to attain Purna Swaraj. In 1911, the capital of British India moved from Calcutta to Delhi. A city came up on what was previously farmland and shrub…

Iraq: An Oasis of Uncertainty Iraq, a hostile desert of uncertainties regarding both the past and present. A desert oasis that attracts a variety of human nature that ranges from good to evil. A desert with two life-sustaining rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, which fostered the growth of the ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hatti, Hittites, Assyrians, Hurrians to the modern day cities that most people are familiar with, Mosul, Tikrit and Bagdad (Center for…

As such, law enforcement has been forced to continually evolve, update and review its methodology in relation to how it responds to a terrorist threat. A recent example of this occurrence is how terrorists had planned to exploit a loophole in security by using liquid explosives on aircraft, despite the stringent security reforms post 9/11. Laws enforcement in London in September 2006 discovered the intended scheme and as a result responded by introducing new controls on liquids for air…

In the midst of modern history (post World War II), the New World Order discomposed the old world order and browbeat the term conquest and territorial aggrandizement into the closet; however, the Middle East seems to be the exception to every rule. Over the past sixty years , armed hostile conflict and unrepentant governments have raged unchecked throughout the Middle East. Stability and peace are foreign words that do not translate in this region of the world. War ravaged Iran and Iraq in…

1 The Question of Sabon Gari Phenomenon in Katsina Metropolis, 1903-2011 Samuel Wycliff Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria samuelwycliff@yahoo.ca and samwycliff@gmail.com 08060510055, 08053430606 Abstract The history of Sabon Gari system in Northern Nigeria has received attention from scholars, yet the absence of such settlements in some of the Northern cities and towns has not been addressed. This paper examined the reasons for its absence in Katsina metropolis unlike…