Caliphate

2.Countries in the Sahel region face various challenges. Among these challenges frequent climate change, desertification, deforestation, frequent food crises, extreme poverty, rapid population growth are the main ones. Basides to the natural problem of the region some other problems such as ethnic centrism, fragile governance, corruption, unresolved internal tensions, violent extremism and radicalization, illegal trafficking and terrorist-linked security threats affects the peace and security of…

Leaving their home country of Mongolia, an army led by the great Hulagu. The decedent of the once great ruler; Genghis Khan. He was sent after the execution of the Genghis. Hulagu was able to carefully plan out a route to the Saudi Arabian city. But how was he able to gain control of Baghdad? As a military leader, Hulagu Khan was a vicious leader. By any means necessary. Asking for the submission of the Caliph, the Mongolian army converged on the city, just to defeat them in the winter of 1258.…

Historical introduction The Palace, known as Alhambra, is located on al-Sabika, next to the river Darro and in front of Albaicin and of the Alcazaba in Granada, Spain. The Palace was called Alhambra due to its rose-colored walls. The Alhambra has a view over the city and the meadow (la Vega). Considering this element we can tell that other buildings were already present before the arrival of Muslims. The compound is bordered by ramparts and with an irregular shape. The Alhambra is limited due…

The architects of the Dome of the Rock deliberately designed the space with the intention of portraying a message both to the followers of the Islamic faith and to the other prominent religions in the area. The Dome of the Rock is one of the earliest and elaborate major construction projects of the Islamic rulers. The reason for the Dome of the Rock’s creation can be seen through the thoughtful choices made for its location, the structural design, and the inscriptions and mosaics within the…

by paying a tax and would then be allowed to continue practicing their faith. Slaves made up the lower class in Umayyad society. Umar believed that Islam was intended for Arabs and non-Arab Muslims were not considered as an equal. Under Umar’s caliphate, non-Arabs were forced to leave Arabia. Marriages between Arab Muslims and non-Arab muslims were forbidden and non-Arabs couldn’t own property in conquered territories. A monthly salary was paid to all ethnic Arab Muslims. These decrees…

this new level of terrorism to be the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers (Coates 2016). The reason being, that “this was a movement intent upon destroying the existing state system and replacing it, step by step, region by region, with a universal caliphate. The aim was global supremacy and the fulfillment of a historic religious destiny” (Coates 2016, 349). Because of this new definition, we also see a new take on how to best combat terrorism and form a successful counterterrorism policy. This new…

wolf type that is growing in the United States is the homegrown jihadist. A jihadist is described as a radicalized individual using Islam as an ideological and/or religious justification for the establishment of a global Islamic state, known as a Caliphate, which is governed by strict Islamic Sharia law. The term “Homegrown” describes terrorist activity perpetrated within the United States or abroad by American citizens, legal permanent residents, or an individual radicalized primarily within…

Breaking News: San Bernardino mass shooting: 14 people dead, 21 wounded (Desocio); US trade deficit rises in February to 6-month high (Press); As US economics change, the term “middle class” fades away (Gedeon). Some say that these headlines are not important enough for the U.S to be focusing on them. For example, in a Gallup poll, people were asked, what is the most important problem facing the United States today? When it came to non-economic problems, terrorism only received 4% of the vote…

The Third Time is the Charm History is the story of humanity. This story has forever been in a cycle that includes war and violence. The cycle of humanity is different all over the world. Some countries have been at war for a long time and others alternate between war and peace. People strive for peace, but there is always somebody who tries to disrupt it. Disruptors of peace are called terrorists. They instill fear and terror in people and cause a fight or flight reaction. To protect the…

The alliance between Germany and the Ottoman Empire seemed somewhat farcical at the time of the war. The Ottoman Empire was a failing state, the “sick man of Europe.” They had been losing power in the middle east and their economy was in disrepair, due to repeated wars in the Balkans before their alliance. They could only benefit from a win in this war, and that would bring them into modernizing their empire and have potential growth. However, they were a pathway to British colonies and had…