Caliph

INTRODUCTION Etymology and Definition The term caliph brings many definition especially when analysed in the light of the world's history. According to Apple dictionary, the word 'caliph' is originated from late Middle English which stems from Old French 'caliphe', from Arabic kalīfa which means 'deputy of god' from the title kalīfat Allah or meaning 'successor of Muhammad’ from the title kalifat rasul Allah or of the Messenger of God from kalafa which is 'succeed'. However it is interesting…

After a series of unsatisfying communications between the caliph and Hulagu, the Mongols made an attempt to reach Baghdad from the west in November of 1257, across the Tigris river. Aware now of the proximity of the invaders, al-Musta’sim sent out an army to drive them back. In this early battle, the Mongols flooded the battleground by breaking dikes, trapping their opponents in the mud and slaughtering them while drowning others (Frazier, 2005). This would be the first of several direct attacks…

time, al-Mansur wanted to relocate his power away from Damascus to start a new emergence. After a lengthy search, caliph al-Mansur, found a perfect region to build his capital, precisely beside the city of Baghdad. 2. The caliph had rather exceptional reasoning, his site ‘’…lay between Mesopotamia’s two great rivers at the juncture of the canals that linked them.’’ (WTWA 319). B. Caliph al-Mansur did not simply relocate just for two great rivers, it was also a figurative locale. Nonetheless,…

mosques, and the ability to preserve their religion (Islam). During the 7th century to the Abbasids of the 13th century, many changes occurred both politically and culturally. Like, the Islamic views on women and the change from electing caliphs to a selecting caliphs dynastically. However, a continuity was that religious beliefs and views and overall religion were still being carried out by the people. A change that occurred…

it can be concluded that the main character of the Caliph is based on ijma, utility, and the objective of the…

occurred. Some of the events lasted a short time when the people of islam didn’t have a leader. However, when they finally chose a new leader they were called the Caliphs. The Caliphs caused many problems but also fixed other situations. There were four caliphs in that time; the first was Abu Bakr, and the second caliph was Umar, the third caliph was Uthman, and the last was Ali.) After Muhammad’s death the government went into a slope. The next leader after Muhammad Abu Bakr who was the…

SAW to the famous caliphs. 2. Understand about the traditional sources of revenue in Islamic state, zakat and modern taxation. 3. Able to determine the function of types of tax. 4. Differentiate between economic and social impact of zakat and taxation 5. Understand the rules and regulations govern the system of Zakat. 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides an overview of Baitul Mal and then explains the history of Baitul fro the time of Prophet SAW until the famous Caliphs. Sources of…

However, upon his death in 632 C.E. he lost many converts. Muhammad’s remaining followers were split between two sides in a succession dispute caused by Muhammad’s failure to appoint a caliph, a successor to his position as leader of Islam, or establish a method of determining the next ruler. The Shi’a thought the caliph should be a direct descendent of Muhammad, but the Sunni wanted to elect the most proficient leader without regards to lineage. The Shi’a sought to put Muhammad’s cousin and…

position was called the caliph. The empires of the caliphates in the Middle East began and expanded with imperial conquest, actively and passionately practice the conversion of non-believers to Islam, and ended with destructive civil wars. The empires started and expanded using imperial conquest. After the death of Mu’awiya, the Umayyad leader, the Umayyads united their rule and embarked on wars of imperial conquest. (Spodek 351) To make known their imperial power, the Umayyad caliphs build…

looked down upon from the start, and the many wars for power and authority did not make its image any better. Islam had a challenging start; with violence aimed at Mohammad for beginning this new religion, the outcome of a war for power between two caliphs, and the tension…