Calcium

A) The acrosomal reaction and the cortical reaction are two different reactions that occur to complete the attempted fertilization when the sperm meets an egg. The acrosomal reaction occurs first when the sperm makes contact with the jelly layer or cumulus layer in mammals of the egg. This contact triggers the acrosome to release the hydrolytic enzymes that were housed within. The acrosomal enzymes job is to penetrate and put a hole into the jelly layer. Why the enzymes are breaking down the…

Kathryn R. is a 57-year old woman who has a history of mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation and high blood pressure. Mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation is a condition where the mitral valve doesn’t close properly, leading to regurgitation where the blood leaks backwards when the heart beats. The blood is then unable to reach the rest of the body, pushing the heart to pump harder in order for the blood to go to the body. Kathryn’s hypertension is a risk factor that has lead to her…

fragile. This occurs when an excessive amount of protein and calcium loss…

the vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], known as calcifidiol, and in the kidney it becomes the biologically active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] or calcitriol. Calcitriol is a hormone that promotes active intestinal calcium and phosphate transport to be used for bone formation and remodeling…

Kidney stones come mainly in 4 varieties- calcium, struvite, cystine and finally uric acid. That said, nearly 80% of the kidney stones are comprised of calcium deposits, most notably the oxalate type. While certain foods may promote stone formation in people who are susceptible, scientists do not believe that eating any specific food causes stones to form in people who are not susceptible. Fortunately, because cutting such a vital and delicate organ carries a high risk of permanent damage,…

bleaching Coral Reef Formation • Name and describe the process by which marine organisms can produce carbonate rich structures such as coral reefs Calcification is the process by which marine organisms such as shells and coral reefs are able to form calcium carbonate…

2012, p. 1097) In acute renal failure myoglobin precipitates in the tubules obstructing the flow through the nephrons and causing injury. Damage to the myocyte causes an influx of sodium into the cell and cytosolic calcium accumulation due to direct injury to the cell. The high calcium concentration has a number of dangerous effects including the activation of phospholipase A2 which results in toxic metabolites and cell death. Large…

genetic mutations, and the increase of age are all factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Although Parkinson’s disease is incurable, treatment can ease the symptoms. Treatments that block calcium channels may moderate the progression of the disease, because a large amount of calcium can kill dopamine neurons and inhibit the normal function of the cell signaling pathway. A “normal” cell signaling pathway has three major steps;…

were then composed for the identified cations. If the experiment were to be repeated, step 13 could be ommitted as barium was already confirmed in step 12 with the formation of yellow percipitate barium chromate, and calcium was not confirmed with step 14 when a white percipitate calcium oxalate was not present One of four different solutions were distributed to the students in which two unknown cations in a specific solution were to be…

potential to affect coral (focus on individual coral colony) Ocean acidification alters a range of marine ecosystems by damaging foundation organisms, such as living corals. Coral contains calcium carbonate, a mineral that is used to form the supporting skeletal structures found in many marine organisms (2 ). Calcium…