Calcium-sensing receptor

As molecules reach taste receptors on the microvilli, action-potentials generated through voltage-gated channels will initiate, leading to the excitation of nerve fibres. From there, responses will be carried to the brainstem and be further processed within the brain. The information will eventually translate into taste qualities such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Furthermore, each taste quality is specified according to the molecule that binds to the receptor. Salt taste occurs in…

hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), which represents the third most common endocrine disease following diabetes and thyreopathies. In PHPT, PTH hypersecretion due to tumor parathyroid cell proliferation, induces hypercalcemia by increasing calcium mobilization from bone and calcium reabsorption from kidney. Most tumors of parathyroid glands are benign lesions, involving one or multiple parathyroid glands. Parathyroid benign tumors-related morbidity comes from PTH inappropriate and uncontrolled release. …

The brain, being the most complex organ of the body, controls every action and thought. It is divided into various functional units formed from brain cells that work together to respond to particular stimuli. The brain cells connect with other cells of the body to create communication routes for brain signals. As such, scientists are working to understand the complex organization of the brain with the help of tools that can tag and trace the circuits of the brain as well as finding out how…

center which can be found in the hypothalamus (Rizzo the part of the brain that controls secretion from the pituitary gland (2006 p. 485)) which apprehend information from two fixed thermoregulation receptors (needed for the body to make its appropriate adjustment). The main purpose of these receptors is to find out someone’s temperature of their blood, which it travels through the brain and skin to oversees their external temperature. For example, Rizzo claimed that persons with high fevers can…

techniques based on biological systems may help to control and coordinate many nano-machines. Information: Molecules represent information in the form of chemical structure, sequence information, relative positioning, or concentration (e.g. protein, DNA, calcium…

Antiemetics Overview: Antiemetics are used for nausea and to prevent vomiting and also used for motion sickness. These drugs can be bought over the counter. (OTC) Action: Dimenhydrenate or Dramamine is an antihistamine. It should be taken one hour before travelling, and will prevent motion sickness. The antihistamine is available in children’s liquid formula and in a Less Drowsy Formula that may have fewer sedative side effects. Meclizine hydrochloride (Bonine) treats vomiting and dizziness…

stimulus being something like hunger or pain, while external is more along the lines of a sound or an odor. The nervous system interprets stimuli and orders other organ systems to respond. The nervous system does so through using sensory receptors. Sensory receptors are made up of sensory nerve cells and support cells. There are millions of nerve cells in the human body that control just about every move you make, the human brain alone carries about 100 billion neurons. Every neuron…

called an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. This regulates the activity of glutamate which is an important neurotransmitter in the brain involved in learning and memory (Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia). Memantine blocks glutamate from binding to its receptor on the neuron. Binding of glutamate permits calcium to enter the cell. In Alzheimer’s patients, however, excess glutamate can be released from damaged cells, leading to chronic overexposure to calcium, which can speed up cell damage…

It also helps us to be able to comprehend and understand speech as it aids us in understanding different sounds and pitches coming from the sensory receptors in the ears. The amygdale controls the response to fear. Limbic system The limbic system is located at the top of the brainstem. It is associated with emotions especially those that deal with fear and anger as well as emotions such as pleasure.…

1.0 Introduction – What is diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder of chronic hyperglycaemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance and in some cases both which affects people of all ages. The chronic hyperglycaemia causes a range of macro- and microvascular complications. Macrovascular damage leads to increased prevalence of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease whereas microvascular complications can cause diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and…