Calcium channel blocker

concentration of magnesium may cause severe symptomatic hypotension. (94) Magnesium causes vascular relaxation as well as antagonising the effect of vasopressor agents. (95) This effect is mediated via prostacycline and calcium flux, as cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and calcium channel blockers prevent the hypotensive effect of magnesium. (96) The negative inotropic effect of hypermagnesaemia may contribute to the hypotension. Other potential factors contributing to the hypotension include central…

A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls are high enough that it can cause health problems. Hypertension hikes the chances of getting a disease of the heart and having a stroke. Hypertension, also known as High Blood Pressure, has had many theories on how it was discovered. It has been around since the early Egyptian empires, but the importance did not come around until around the 1950s. By the 16th Century Leonardo Da Vinci showed many diagrams of the anatomical…

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a rare, neuromuscular junction autoimmune disease. The immune system produces immunoglobulin G antibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) residing on the cell membrane of the presynaptic nerve ending.1,3,5,6 The etiology of LEMS is decreased exocytosis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons into the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) caused by autoantibodies attacking VGCCs.3,7.10 There are two distinct groups of LEMS…

Amoxicillin is an beta lactam aminopenicillin that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein and blocking transpeptidation. It has low protein binding and is eliminated renally and mostly unchanged. It has a beta lactam ring, an absolute configuration of 2S, 5R, 6R, a carboxylic acid group at C2 position and an amide bond at the C6 position. It has broad spectrum activity and can be used against gram negative bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a…

Diagnostic Tests For Atrial Fibrillation The initial foundation of the diagnosis of AF depends on the thorough physical examination and an ECG interpretation. In the Nottingham (2010) report, he cited the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) diagnostic criteria for initial diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. This includes; a thorough history and physical…

GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is most commonly known as “heartburn”. It refers to the back flow of gastric or duodenal contents or both into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter, without associated belching or vomiting. The reflux of gastric contents causes acute epigastric pain, usually after a meal. Common causes are: food, alcohol, or cigarettes, hiatal hernia, increased abdominal pressure (such as with obesity or pregnancy), medications, nasogastric intubation for…

Imaging (chest x-ray, echocardiogram) • Continuous telemetry monitoring Treatment/Management • Resuscitation and consideration of other conditions contributing to instability • Direct current cardioversion • Rate-controlling agents (calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, amiodarone, digoxin) • Electrophysiology (EP) consultation Major Outcomes Considered • Heart rate control • Rhythm control • Mortality rate • Stroke rate • Bleeding rate Clinical Presentation Patients who present with the…

hypertension athletes need to monitored to see the effect, antihypertensive drugs can have a harmful effect on exercise tolerance. Examples of pharmacologic treatment for hypertension include beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, ace inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Each of these aids in reducing hypertension by either slowing heart rate, induces dilation of arterial blood vessels, or blocks the action of angiotensin II hormone. Even though…

Many of us have memory lapses from time to time. We can’t remember a password, where we put our glasses, or why we came into the room. When these lapses happen, we assume it’s a common sign of aging, or perhaps a repercussion from too much wine and too little sleep the night before. But memory loss is also a side effect of common prescription drugs. If your daily life has become hampered by trouble remembering things, one of these prescription drugs may be the culprit. Antianxiety Drugs…

hormonal and electrolyte imbalances • low blood sugar • anemia and blood loss • hyperthyroidism • low levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood • shock or fever • cold and cough medications, herbal supplements, and nutritional supplements • beta-blockers, asthma inhalers, decongestants and other pharmaceuticals • illegal stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines • heart disease, arrhythmias and abnormal heart valves (Raviele, 2011) Heart palpitations can be indicators of an illness if…