Calcium channel blocker

understanding of the terms pharmacophore and a privileged structure. In order for this reaction to occur an aldehyde, ammonia, and two equivalents of a B-ketoester go through a one-pot cyclocondensation reaction. After 1,4-dihydropyridine is formed, it is then oxidized to form its pyridine derivative. Alcohol or Acetic acid is then used as a refluxing solvent for this compound. This compound has been found to have many uses including the treatment of cardiovascular disease and Ca2+ channel blockers. These dihydropyridines are also powerful antioxidants. In this lab, 430 mg of ammonium acetate, 960 microliters of ethyl acetoacetate, and 36% wt. aqueous formaldehyde were added to a 10 mL round bottom flask and allowed to heat to 80°C with constant stirring. After 10 minutes, a solid and wet product was formed. Vacuum filtration was then used to filter the product. Recrystallization methods were then completed using 95% ethanol in order to isolate the pure…

limitations on drug trials in pregnancy, there is very limited evidence on the safety, efficacy and ideal dosing regime for many drugs in pregnancy. Hence why drug categorisation is a necessity during pregnancy to aid in the limitation of fetal exposure to potentially teratogenic substances (TGA 2011). Mechanism of Drug The pharmacological actions of Nifedipine alter the action of normal calcium ion channels within muscle cells in the human body. Nifedipine binds to and blocks the flow of…

occurs in the later years of one’s life, it is overwhelmingly more common in men than women, and it is most likely to be seen in South-east Asia. This disease consists of a “ST segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiogram (ECG),” which is some cases can lead to a death related to cardiovascular issues. According to researchers, if the patient’s ST segment elevation is 2 mm or higher and they have “a negative T wave in right precordial leads,” this is indicative of Brugada…

shows that she is improving with her vancomyosin. She also had a history of cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension, so we have her on metoprolol. I was going to give her heparin as a prophylaxis but she denied it. Upon assessing her I found that she was at a falls risk because she had macular degeneration. What I taught her was to make sure her environment is clean without obstruction and to walk slowly when navigating to areas. During assessment of her abdomen, she said she have not had a bowel…

twice daily, to control his blood sugar levels for his type 2 diabetes. Metformin (Glucophage) is used to help to lower blood sugar when it is too high and help restore the way you use food to make energy (“Metformin (Oral Route),” 2015). Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). Mr. Borg was prescribed methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 500 mg IV daily, to help reduce inflammation in the lungs. This medication is a corticosteroid that works on the immune system to help relieve swelling…

It is always right for kids. There are many kids channels in television such as: PBS kids, Cartoon network, and Disney channel. Each channel has their own special program, but their same purpose is entertainment. For example, children really love PBS kids. Absolutely, they watched it all day when they were little. In addition, people usually found their children watched these channels in their school while they were waiting for their parents. It means that school also uses television as a school…

1. What is FOP? Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a rare genetic disease in which a person’s bones will begin to form into the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and connective tissues. Overtime the development will restrict a person’s movement. It has been described as turning a person into stone because their body is essentially encased by a second skeleton. 2. What are the initial symptoms? Symptoms of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, include: an infant being born with short,…

Those who were against milk generally said it was because they thought it was unnatural and therefore unhealthy. Sarah Adams believes that milk is not good for us because, “calcium doesn't synthesize into our bodies properly”. In her stated opinion Sarah must assume that the only reason we would drink milk is for the calcium we would supposedly absorb. Her assumption seems reasonable. When she was a kid growing up the popular idea…

study, this surgery caused a 54% increase in hip, spine, and wrist fractures in postmenopausal women” (Taylor, 2009). Another possible cause of osteoporosis is low testosterone in men. “Men need both testosterone and estrogen for bone health” (Taylor, 2009). Men convert testosterone into bone-preserving estrogen (Taylor, 2009). Hormone imbalances can play another role in osteoporosis. Parathyroid hormone and growth hormone help orchestrate how well the bones use calcium and when to build up bone…

Osteomyelitis Anoimalo S. Matagi Alaska Career College Abstract Osteomyelitis affects about two out of every 10,000 people (Cleveland Clinic, 2016). A possible reason as to why two of 10,000 people are affected is their lack of understanding to how to treat and prevent osteomyelitis. For example, those who are not aware of how osteomyelitis and how it effects the bone, as many organisms (most commonly staphylococcus) travel through the blood stream and can cause a bone…