Caenorhabditis elegans

single-celled Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) genome, the whole genome systematic gene knockout analysis found 18.7% genes that are essential for viability (GIAEVER et al. 2002). There are around 25% in Drosophila (DIETZL et al. 2007). In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), it is estimated that there are ~15% of the total genes in the genome are essential genes (JOHNSEN AND BAILLIE 1997), although genome-wide gene knockdown analysis using RNA interference (RNAi) only successfully identified 7%…

Brain Science will Change Communication Mode Communication has long been a significant issue. Although human has created language to help they get the mind of the others and the Internet makes transmitting information faster and more convenient, communication is still imperfect. For example, it is almost impossible for one to share feelings, image and memory in their mind integrally. Actually, people have to use literature,music and many other forms of expression to express themselves. But…

Down-regulation of target genes occurs due to Akt-mediated phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of FOXO. During periods of decreased IIS activity, the activation of FOXO has an effect on growth and the longevity of the organism. e. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the FOXO homolog is daf-16. In mutants, who possess the dysfunction of IIS, daf-16 plays an important role in the longevity…

advancement that I was able to research and determine according to my ethics whether or not or not I would support this experiment. A big breakthrough for Kenyon, was when she found out that there was a universal hormonal control for aging in Caenorhabditis elegans, in other words, small roundworms. This hormonal control gene, daf-2, activates receptors that are sensitive to two hormones, insulin and a growth hormone called IGF-1. Cynthia revised a plan to disable this daf-2 gene which then…

The cells of the interdigital regions are also removed by apoptosis to give rise to the fingers. Sydney Brenner, John Sulston and Robert Horvitz received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 2002 for their studies on the Caenorhabditis elegans worm, where they first identified a process of programmed cell death (apoptosis), essential for their development, by the that a defined number of cells produced initially in excess is eliminated. Through studies on mutants of these worms…

victoria’s GFP in prokaryotic Escherichia coli and eukaryotic Caenorhabditis elegans cells. The E. coli cells transformed to express the gfp gene, fluoresced green as opposed to the control bacteria. They also showed that GFP had no apparent negative side effect on the living cells as the media contained the inducer IPTG.…

Sonogenetics is the use of ultrasonic soundwaves to control neurons to activate or deactivate cells. This can also be done through electrical currents or light (optogenetics). But, the issue with optogenetics, according to the website ZME Science’s article Ultrasounds used to control neurons in a worm's brain by Tibi Puiu is that light is unable to go through the body like sound can. Neuroscientists need a way to activate singular neurons reliably, specifically ones in deep inside the brain.…

The ap gene is a new member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory proteins that is characterized by the presence of LIM domain and homeo domain. The ap protein shows an amino acid sequence similar to the lin-11 and mec-3 proteins of Caenorhabditis elegans. Ap function is required for normal wing and haltere disc development in fruit flies during the third larval instar. The mutations in recessive flies are consistent with ap expression patterns in the larval imaginal discs. Ap regulates…

Based on the laboratory tests provided, it can be determined that the unknown organism can be identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This organism is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect non-mammalian, plants, and humans. P. aeruginosa belongs to the bacterial family Pseudomonadaceae, and is a gram-negative rod that approximately measures 0.5 to 0.8 µm by 1.5 to 3.0 µm. It can normally be found in water and soil. Its single polar flagellum makes it motile, and it is known to…

1) Explain how the Lin et al. used the catFISH technique to determine which neurons are involved in particular behaviors (3 pts) Lin et al. used catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridization) to compare the activation of c-fos expression during two successive episodes of behavior (either the same behavior or different) in the same animal. Through experimentation, researchers discovered that animals killed five minutes after fighting expressed…