C-reactive protein

molecules are chiral, including the naturally occurring amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. In biological systems, most of these compounds are of the same chirality: most amino acids are levorotatory (l) and sugars are dextrorotatory (d). Typical naturally occurring proteins, made of l amino acids, are known as left-handed proteins, whereas d amino acids produce right-handed proteins. d-amino acids are very rare in nature and have only…

For example, all bacteria contain peptidoglycans (a molecule composed of both protein and sugar rings) in their cell walls. However, archaea do not have this compound in their cell walls. Archea and bacteria both reproduce using binary fission, and move around using flagella. providing structural support, and lets certain elements/substances…

of a cell must be just right to sustain life and function. More demand would be placed on DNA for indefinitely growing cells because more protein production would be necessary for cellular function. Furthermore, more transcribed DNA to mRNA would lead to the RER working overtime to synthesize additional proteins. The ER would have to process a surplus of proteins being…

production and ribosomes for protein manufacturing. Muscle cells are also packed with many…

Cellular respiration is a very interesting topic that we are currently learning about in our biology class. What makes this particular topic so remarkable are all of the different elements that work together for cellular respiration to occur in human beings and animals. In the video, “ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #& 7.” (ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7. n.d.). The narrator does an excellent job of explaining the cellular respiration process in a very clear cut…

substitution this is a mutation that exchanges one base for another. For example a change in a single molecule or switching an A to a G. Substitution can also change a codon to one that transmits a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein. Insertion is another form of mutation which adds extra base pairs into a new place in the DNA. Deletions are mutations that are…

DNA makes proteins. DNA is stored in the nucleus and contains phosphates (a phosphate includes nitrogen bases). DNA is made up of these phosphates, but, in making polypeptides, or a protein, the nitrogen bases are the most important in his process. To make a polypeptide, the helicase unzips the double helix figure, making two rows, or strands, which are one side of all of the nitrogen bases. Floating nitrogen bases string the opposite of these sides, to make an original copy, but leave, ending…

Failure Nucleus: The nucleus of a cell is, without doubt, one of the most important parts of the cell. The nucleus instructs every single part of the cell what to do, and what the different organelles need to do. The nucleus includes chromatin (protein and DNA). It also contains Nucleolus (nucleoli is plural). These nucleoli are responsible for ribosome production. If the nucleus were to suddenly malfunction, this would mean that the cell would have no directions, and nothing to direct…

Riboflavin contains a tricyclic dimethyl-isoalloxazine ring (Flavin Nucleus) that is conjugated to a 1-Carbon ribityl, an alcohol derived from pentose sugar D-ribose, is attached at the 9 position of isoalloxazine nucleus as shown in Figure 1. The metabolically active coenzymes of riboflavin are riboflavin -5-phosphate or Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that participate in many vital oxidation reduction processes. Catalytic sites of some enzymes are covalently…

Cantu Syndrome is a rare condition that excesses the growth of hair, exclusive facial oestrogen. As well as other anomaly this disorder conflict against affected individuals, abnormal development of bones enlarges heart and cartilage. People with Cantu Syndrome are very hairy people as well as the most affected abnormal people. It starts affecting shortly after birth in babies with PDA “abnormal buildup of fluid around the heart and high blood pressure in the blood vessels that carry blood from…