Buffer solution

Purpose Titration is a technique where an unknown solution’s concentration is determined with a solution of a known concentration. In this case, the known solution, NaOH, is dripped into the unknown, unknown #2, with a burette. The NaOH is dripped until the reaction is complete, while measuring the pH per amount of base added. Using the data collected, the equivalence point can be found and the concentration can be calculated. Then the KA can be found at specific points (20%, 40%, etc). After…

This can be controlled by a number of factors. Factors such as adding pH buffers, salt forms etc. (6)Suspensions should also be palatable. This is an important factor for this formulation especially as it is to be dispensed to children. Children prefer sweet tasting products. Often the taste of a drug 'is more noticeable in solution rather than an insoluble form.'' (3) (2) Disadvantages and Advantages of Oral Liquids There are many advantages and disadvantages…

Abstract: The enzyme called catalysis breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. In this lab we conducted a series of experiment to find the effect of concentration of substrate and the temperature of catalase enzyme. Introduction: There are a lot of factors that can affect the rate of enzyme reaction such as the concentration of the substrate, temperature of the enzyme, and shape of the enzyme. In this experiment we only measure how the concentration of the substrate and temperature…

Problem Statement: How do different amounts of soil affect the pH of water? Is the relationship the same for different types of soils? Background: PH is a measurement of how many ions of hydrogen are found in a solution. The pH scale measures how alkaline or acidic an object is. The scale has numbers ranging from zero (which are considered the most acidic) to fourteen (the most alkaline, otherwise known as the most basic). Pure water has a pH of seven, however most water, either from the tap or…

(80ºC for 24 h until a constant weight) were measured. 1 gm leaf sample was taken and chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids were measured (Aron, 1949). For biochemical analysis, 1 gm ground leaf sample was homogenized in 2 ml of 0.1 M ice cooled phosphate buffer containing 0.1 mM ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid and 1% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone and inoculated 30 min in ice. This homogenate sample was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 30 min at 4ºC and supernatant collected. The supernatant was assayed for…

Tube A received 10ul of sterile water and 10ul of WT plasmid DNA. Tube B received 10ul or sterile water and 10ul of m2 Mutant plasmid DNA. Tube C and Tube D were the positive controls. Tube C and D both received 4ul of sterile water and reaction buffer. Tube C was also given 10ul of WT plasmid DNA and 2ul of the…

μg/ml ethidium bromide. DNA fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis at 80 V for 90 min in Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer. Gels were illuminated with 300 nm UV light using UV transilluminator and a photographic record was made. 2.10. Histopathology Immediately after dissection, heart tissues (n=3/group) were excised and immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Heart samples were processed (dehydrated in graded concentrations of alcohol, immersed in xylene) and embedded in…

separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) in aqueous solutions. Nanoclay was modified with 5-(4'-dimethylamino benzyliden)-rhodanine. Modified nanoclay was used as a solid sorbent for separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) ions. The sorption of gold ions was quantitative in pH range of 2.0 to 6.0, whereas quantitative desorption occurs instantaneously with 6.0 mL of 1.0 mol L-1 Na2S2O3. The eluted solution was aspirated directly into the flame of atomic…

There is always financial crisis in the global economy and the effects really show in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Where the world stock markets have fallen around the world and large financial institutions collapsed or either bailed out by the governments by rescue packages and bail out their financial systems. Economy was concerned about those who should be responsible for the financial problems are being bailed out. Since global financial meltdown affects almost everyone globally.…

Throughout WWII the Soviet Union and the United States were close allies on the surface, but below there was much doubt and uncertainty in the alliance. After the war, the alliance quickly diminished and the two countries became rivals. The Cold War had little to no conflict, but was a battle of ideals, nuclear power, and world influence. The Soviet Union single handedly took power over many small countries in Eastern Europe, satellites states. They also formed a frightening and powerful…