Buffer solution

1. Diagram an individual phospholipid and a bilayer of phospholipids. Label the hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails in both. 2. Explain the Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane and describe the functions of the proteins that are embedded in the membrane. The Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane is a hypothesis that describes the phospholipid bilayer and it proteins. It states that the membrane is flexible - fluid - and has various proteins embedded in it - a mosaic. These structures…

concentration of an unknown given solution using their absorbance values obtained from the spectroscopy apparatus. These concentrations were calculated using the equation of the line produce with the values of the concentration (x-axis) and corresponding absorbance (y-axis) of five protein bovine gamma globulin standard solutions. In order to prepare each of these standards within a range of 50 microliters to 1200 microliters and using a provided stock solution of 1.46 mg/mL of the protein…

Amylase Laboratory Report Introduction: Enzymes are a catalytic protein in a quaternary structure, that helps with the acceleration of molecules called substrates to achieve its desired chemical reaction. In this lab we used a specific enzyme called amylase. According to the lab manual, amylase is an enzyme found in one’s saliva or the pancreas to accelerate metabolism and cause a spontaneous reaction that helps with digestion of a substrate called starch. In order for any polymer such as…

NANOCARRIERS AS PROMISING NOVEL SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM [N.B: Authors' details blinded by Pro Journals for Review] ABSTRACT The formulation and evaluation of Diclofenac sodium from liposomes, niosomes and nanoemulsion are analyzed. The release profiles of Diclofenac sodium were almost similar in all the formulations. It is found that 85% of Diclofenac sodium diffused out from the colloidal systems within 8hrs and practically all the drug was released within…

osmotic pressure are the main forces that determine and drive water movement; the action of the heart pumping and the effect of gravity on blood flow creates hydrostatic pressure while osmotic pressure is created and generated by the molecules in the solution (Scales & Pilsworth, 2008). The molecules that generate the osmotic pressure are usually large protein molecules, referred to as colloid molecules, which will be discussed in more detail (McGloin, 2015). Understanding the movement of…

2015). Hₒ: The temperature of the solution will not affect the rate of reaction. Hₐ: If the temperature is low, the rate of reaction will not be fast. Materials and Methods The first step of part one of the experiment is to prepare solution E by adding 6.5 mL of solution B, which is para nitro phenolphosphate (pNPP), with 6.5 mL of distilled water (Wilson et al., 2015). Next, four cuvettes need to be labeled and prepared according to Table 1. Solution D, which is a high concentration of…

The Specimen Reception – where I spent most of my day-to-day work – is part of the Lab-Med group that is situated in the Central Pathology lab, and is made up of the biochemistry laboratory, the haematology laboratory – which includes cryobiology and coagulation, the microbiology lab, the histopathology lab – which includes cytopathology, the immunology lab, cancer molecular diagnostics, and transfusion medicine, as well as the Irish mycobacterium reference lab, and the national MRSA reference…

The advent of tissue culturing in the early 1900s has shaped modern science tremendously. Fields such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and many others are heavily dependent on cell culturing to carry out experiments. Cell culturing initially began when pioneering scientists sought a way to study cells outside their tissue origin. They began with tissues and then later on, techniques were developed that enabled the study of individual cells in vitro that would give rise to…

AMD has incorporated strategies that integrates IT solutions across all the teams with the help of IT to support efficient and responsive supply chain management. A standard ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, SAP has been adopted. AMD uses hybrid Push-Pull: Batch dynamic production controls. Current supply chain challenges that AMD is facing: • Economic uncertainty due to global presence • Pressures from competition • Sensitive towards cost • Different technical challenges • Strong…

irrigation, pesticides, monocultures, and the problem of overgrazing. In order to fix these impacts, solutions must be made and applied. Luckily, there are solutions for many of these problems. Now, there are numerous reasons why those problems cause environmental impacts The biggest…