Buffer solution

At 20 seconds, pH = 7.35 2. At 40 seconds, pH = 7.29 3. At 60 seconds, pH = 7.24 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during this run? If so, how? Yes, the pH level of the blood decreased. 5. Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? If not, when was the pH value outside of the normal range, and what acid/base imbalance did this pH value indicate? No, acidosis occurred at 40 seconds when the pH dropped out of “normal” range to…

It is essential for pharmacists to be able to predict the theoretical rate kinetics of pharmaceutical products in order to determine its shelf life. As the shelf life is defined by (t90), which is the availability of greater or equal to 90% of the drug, it is important to discover the rate of degradation of a drug to ensure that the patients receive an adequate dose of the drug. In this experiment, the stability of the active ingredient of Aspro Clear is investigated to identify the rate of…

The effect of CKD on sludge stabilization compared with chemical stabilization with Lime is introduced in Table (3). Also comparison between different concentrations of sludge is introduced. Different dosages of CKD were examined and the dosage that achieves stabilization was 50% and 60% for thickened and diluted sludge respectively, while the required dosage of Lime was ranged between 22 and 29%. The required lime dosage complies with the results of EPA [4], Wang [18], Rahman [11] and Salah…

The identity of different unknown solutions can be determined by measuring their respective pH values. Those solutions who possess pH values less than that of 7 is considered as acids, those with pH values greater than 7 are known to be bases, while those having pH equal to 7 is identified as neutral substances (Petrucci, 2011). Identifying its electrolytic property also helps to characterize the given solutions. Strong electrolytes, such as strong acids and bases and salts are known to fully…

Homeostasis is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body. To achieve homeostasis, the body must actively regulate conditions that are constantly changing. As our bodies undergo their everyday processes, we are continuously exposed to new conditions. We call these conditions variables. One variable familiar to all of us is body temperature. Body temperature is a variable that can increase in a hot environment or decrease in a cold one. The organ systems…

Hill et al. (2006) conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to investigate the difference between β-Alanine supplementation after 4 and 10 weeks and the effect on intense cycling capacity. 25 fit undergraduate and postgraduate fit male participants from the University of Chichester, characterized by low economy and low meat consumption, liberally volunteered to participate. Subjects were not taking any dietary supplements and refrained from supplements 6 weeks before the…

3.1: Ligand preparation: A series of benzimidazole derivatives were used to prepare the ligand dataset using benzimidazole as the query molecule. All the inhibitors selected comply with the Lipinski rule of five. A total of 50 molecules were taken up for the study. 3.2 Virtual screening: To further screen the compounds, additional similarity metrics were calculated by ROCS. ROCS is a shape based superposition method used to perceive similarity between molecules based on their three dimensional…

Metronidazole Systematic (IUPAC) name: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol Bioavailability : 80% (oral), 60-80% (rectal), 20-25% (vaginal)122,123 Protein binding : 20% 122,123 Metabolism : Hepatic 122,123 Half-life : 8 hours 122,123 Excretion : Urine (77%), faeces (14%) 122,123 Formula : C6H9N3O3 Mol. mass : 171.15 g/mol Melt. point : 159–163 °C (318–325 °F) Metronidazole is a nitroimidazoleantibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.…

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Effect of pH In the pH range 4.0 to 8.5 the rate of degradation of Basic fuchsin was investigated. The results are reported in Table 1. Table 1: Effect of pH [Basic fuchsin] = 0.8 × 10-5 M Light intensity = 60.0 mW cm-2 CuO/Al2O3 = 0.12 g pH Rate constant (k) × 105 (sec-1) 4.0…

taken from a cut and blended potato. The blended potato mixture was strained and put into a centrifuge, the liquid that was in the centrifuge contained the enzyme and remained on ice. The enzyme was placed in test tubes that had varying levels of pH buffers, substrate concentrations and temperatures; the pH, substrate concentration and temperature were the three variables. The data showed that each variable contained an optimum level at which the enzyme was most effective. Intro: Enzymes are…