Bromine

electrons do not react, but valence electrons do. Imagine, if you will, a reaction of sodium with chlorine gas. The sodium gives up a valence electron and chlorine gains one. The compound made is 1:1 Na:Cl. A similar thing happens with potassium and bromine, you get KBr. The electron configuration of sodium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. The part up to 2p is just like the nobel gas neon. This is good because noble gas configurations are extra stable. You can write out sodium like this: Na = [Ne] 3s1 and…

Introduction: In this laboratory, free-radical halogenation was used in order to brominate compounds such as toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene and t-butylbenzene (structures as seen below). Free-radical halogenation consists of a halogen, connected through sigma bonding, breaking and interacting with the side chain of the aromatic compound. The three steps in the process of halogenation take place in the presence of light and are labeled as initiation, propagation and termination.…

Determining Percent Composition of Unknown Copper Ore Sample Iodine-thiosulfate Method: An Analytical Method The objective of this experiment is to eliminate all interfering species from a sample of unknown copper ore in order to later determine pure copper content. Copper ore can be found in a mineral that contains pure copper and other species that is mined and can later have copper extracted from them (Taher, 1999). To eliminate all interfering species, such as Iron, Arsenic, and…

Experiment 4: Kinetics of Nucleophilic Substitutions 1. Determine the effect of varying [OH-] on the rate of the reaction. To do this, you should complete the following table: Experiment [tBuCl]0 (M) [OH-]0 (M) Time (s) Reaction rate (M/s) Rate constant (s-1) 1 0.03 0.003 65 4.89 · 10-5 1.62 · 10-3 2 0.03 0.006 213 3.15 · 10-5 1.05 · 10-3 3 0.03 0.009 362 2.96 · 10-5 9.85 · 10-4 What is the dependence of [OH-] on the rate law? The effect of the increased or…

synthesis. The cyclohexene collected from the first experiment served as the starting material for the next reaction of the cycle in which, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) were combined to generate molecular bromine in situ. The formation of bromine then created the conditions for necessary the bromination of cyclohexene, this reaction follows the scheme depicted in Figure…

Why There Are No Pure Elements From Group 1 & 7 Group 1 elements are alkali metals which are very soft and reacts with metals well. The elements reacts very strongly with water. As you down the elements of group one, the reactivity increases. However, group 7 are halogens which are reactive, but they are metal. They are also different from group one as their reactivity decreases as you go down. Also, the elements becomes darker as you go down the group. Chemical reactions of group 1: The…

5-CinthiaV-Selenium The name of my element is Selenium. The element symbol is “Se”. Selenium was discovered in Sweden by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1817. Selenium is an origin for a greek word meaning moon. Selenium has four energy levels. In the first energy level, it has two electrons. The second energy level has eight electrons. The third energy level has 18 electrons. The fourth energy level has six valence electrons. Selenium has forty-five neutrons. Selenium has the…

The purpose of the experiment was to examine the reactivity’s of several different substrates under SN2 reaction conditions. Discussion: All of the SN2 reaction mechanisms react the exact same way. The nucleophile sodium iodide attacks the delta positive alpha carbon forming an intermediate that has a partially formed C-I bond and a partially broken bond between carbon and the delta negative leaving group. The stereochemistry is inverted at the alpha carbon as the C-I bond fully forms. Then…

Should Adrenaline Fatigue Patients be Tested for Iodine Deficiency? In the human body, iodine deficiency and adrenaline fatigue are correlated. This phenomenon is not new to the world of medicine. Yet, it is largely ignored, inadequately researched, and poorly understood by scientists, physicians, nutritionists, and medical practitioners all across the globe. This article focuses on the link between iodine deficiency and adrenaline fatigue. It also stresses on the need for adequate iodine in…

I have been writing my whole life. Although I had rocky beginnings, my writings have been steadily improving. I know even now i am not a very good writer, but I am doing as much as I can to strengthen this skill. Throughout this Word 103 class I have learned a lot about writing and have grown in many ways. But my main focus of this paper will be of how I have grown in Rhetorical knowledge and I will analyze my writing process. Throughout this trimester I have written essays of different genres,…