Branched-chain amino acids

Lipids are fatty acids and their derivatives, and substances related biosynthetically or functionally to these compounds. Lipids are diverse group of organic compounds including fats, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes that are grouped together and mainly amphipathic. The variation in head groups and aliphatic chains allows the presence of more than 1000 different lipid species in any eukaryotic cell. Different types of lipid include Phospholipids, Sphingolipids and Cholesterol…

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-3 fatty acids play a big role in a number of bodily functions. They are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are usually found in fatty fish such as salmon, tuna and trout in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (NIH, 2017). Another type of omega-3, called alpha-linolenic acid, is found mainly in plants. Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in muscle activity, blood clotting, digestion, fertility, cell division and growth, brain…

each other, to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the orientations can be used to assume the strength of association or binding affinity between the two molecules. The associations between biologically relevant molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids play a key role in signal transduction. Thus, the relative alignment of the two interacting proteins can affect the type of signal produced. Therefore, docking is used for predicting (assuming) both the strength and the…

Protein structure prediction is that the prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its organic compound sequence — that's, the prediction of its folding and its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure from its primary structure. Structure prediction is essentially totally different from the inverse downside of protein style. protein structure prediction is one among the foremost necessary goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry; it's extremely…

Gluten in fact dominates the protein in the majority of `premium ` feeds. Because protein as coined by the Greeks means ‘of the first importance” is the foundation of the feed. It is from protein that all tissue is developed and maintained. If the diet’s protein component is not sound, (and in the case of the carnivore it should be the very soundest possible) then the diet will be unsound and result in breakdowns among the animals that consume it. Since gluten is one of the two major sources of…

The benefits and risks of the scientific method of genetically modifying crop species Since the emergence of agriculture over 10,000 years ago, humans have been altering the genomes of the crops they produce in order to increase the crop quality in many ways, with fruit size and palatability being two obvious examples. Whether this occurred incidentally through the techniques used to cultivate the plants or intentionally through artificial selection, humans have created strains of domesticated…

the extracellular surface and this is where the retinal is found (Bonting, 1981). The retinal molecule is anti-parallel to the membrane plane and perpendicular to the α-helices (Henderson, 1975). The retinal itself is a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which is known as the aldehyde form of Vitamin A. The residues responsible for transporting the protons are also contained within this interhelical domain where the retinal is bound (Lanyi, 1998). In the ground state this central channel is…

Deoxyribonucleic acid consists of a phosphate and deoxyribose backbone, and four different nitrogenous bases. These bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Ribonucleic acid, the molecule formed in the transcription of DNA, is made up of phosphate, ribose, and adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The backbone of DNA consists of a phosphate bonded to a deoxyribose molecule. Deoxyribose is a sugar containing five carbons, and it is called deoxyribose as it is missing an oxygen atom on…

proteins. tRNA and mRNA sequences interact through codons and anticodons and tRNA is what brings amino acids for the use of the ribosomes in translation; therefore, amono acids continue to be made as long as there is availability of resources until a stop codon is hit which is what stops the translation. Different types of amino acids are made for different things; therefore, naturally, these types of amino acids must be made through the process of translation. Through the use of a simple chart…

approximately 75% of untreated patients experience severe neurological dysfunction (Brumm and Grant, 2010). Phe is a large neutral amino acid that competes for transport across the blood brain barrier via the L-type amino acid carrier. Excessive levels of Phe in the blood saturates these transporters and subsequently cause a decrease in transportation of other large neutral amino acids into the brain which is required for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis (Blau et al., 2010). Neurological…