Brain damage

critical brain functions. Like most neurotransmitters, dopaminergic signaling entails an equilibrium between dopamine release and the re-uptake by presynaptic nerve terminal. Under specific circumstances, a stimulus will promote the release of dopamine into the synapse. Dopamine transporters will then remove the dopamine from the synapse so that vesicular monoamine transporters can store the neurotransmitter into vesicles, release it, and protect it from oxidation (Riddle et al, 2006). Damages…

The over usage of methamphetamine damages much of the brains wiring and tissue, over time this damage repairs itself, but the damage remains. In a study conducted by National Institute on Drug Abuse concluded that meth users who have remained clean for almost 14 months to even a full year, when examined through brain scans, still showed signs of no improvement in their cognitive abilities; these included memory, motor skills…

Serious alcohol consumption has very harmful effects on the body and the mind, but a lot of people might not realize to what extent. The most common knowledge consists of liver and kidney damage, and maybe a few heart problems. But it also includes stomach ailments, stomach and brain cancer, serious brain damage, memory loss, etc. Short term drinking effects can generally be fixed, but when it comes to long term drinking effects, the complete halt in activity within the body and mind have…

matter in the brain. The brain is composed of two types of matter, white matter and gray matter. White matter carries nerve impulses between neurons, and according to BioMed Central it also connects the gray matter to the different regions of the brain. The corpus callosum is a portion of the brain composed primarily of white matter, dividing the brain into two hemispheres it becomes a means of communication between the separate hemispheres. Symptoms…

the stairs, waking up on time, and remembering the route to school became substantial hurdles. Anxious, my mother decided to take me to see a neurologist. I went through multiple MRI’s, CT scans, and X-Rays to determine the condition of my neck and brain tissues, all of which returned normal. Bewildered, my neurologist referred me to a neuropsychologist to have a battery of neuropsych testing done. This test lasted eight hours…

understand the causes and how it affects the body, the symptoms, and the exams/tests and treatments for it. Unfortunately the cause for myelomeningocele is unknown, but it is believed that low levels of folic acid, which is an important part of the brain and spinal cord development, in a woman’s body before and during pregnancy plays…

a blood vessel stopping the flow of blood to that specific area of the brain. Within the category of ischemic strokes there are embolic and thrombotic strokes. An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot moves from another location in the body to a blood vessel in the brain causing a blockage that stops blood flow to the brain. During a thrombotic stroke, a clot is formed in one of the arteries directly connected to the brain. The clot causes a disruption in the flow of blood. Thrombotic…

an individual’s lifetime. Therefore, it is unsurprising that there are many stages of vision at which perception can become impaired. Cortical (or cerebral) visual impairment (CVI) refers to any impairment or loss of vision brought about by damage to the brain or the central nervous system, rather than physical problems with the eye itself (ocular impairment); therefore, children and other individuals with CVI do not appear to have any cause for visual impairment when examined physically…

it is able to reach the brain. Only a small amount can leak through the blood-brain barrier , but if the levels of NH3 in blood are very high, then more of it will enter. An excess of ammonia is toxic and causes neurological disorders and damages, leading to a condition called Encephalopathy. As listed in the case, possible symptoms are disorientation, lethargy, slurred speech, behavior change and also motor skills impairments such as Asterixis and hyperreflexia. Brain hyperammonemia initiates…

progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells that control essential voluntary muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing. Normally, messages from nerve cells in the brain (called upper motor neurons) are transmitted to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord (called lower motor neurons) and from them to particular muscles. Upper motor neurons direct the lower motor neurons to produce movements such as walking or chewing. Lower motor…