Bones of the lower limb

next most important is tumor control. Trans Humeral Amputation is a result of an injury or complication that involves surgically removal of the distal lower extremity, including the ulna and radius, the limb is removed from the elbow to phalanges. Surgically, it’s preferred because a Trans Humeral amputation is through the joint, not involving the bone or tissue but in some cases this is not appropriate. Elbow dislocations and Tran’s humeral amputations are classified as catastrophic injuries…

reduction of bone tissue. Primary osteoporosis and menopause are not the only conditions responsible for the reduction of bone tissue. The loss of bone mass, which leads to increased risk of fractures of this kind, is also determined by underlying conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, benign and malignant tumors, including chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Even particular pharmacological treatments, such as the prolonged use of corticosteroids, may contribute to the reduction of bone mass…

is exceptionally tall in comparison to modern human boys at the same age. Modern humans living in colder climates are known to have shorter limbs in contrast to those living in more tropical regions who have longer limbs that results in more body surface area and, thus, promote heat loss (Reference). The Nariokotome boy had a tall, thin body with long limbs that resemble more closely to modern tropical populations rather than our early human ancestors, which suggests that he was accustomed to…

nearly 2 million people living with limb loss in the United States,” and “approximately 185,000 amputations occur in the United States each year” (Limb Loss Statistic, par.1). Coherently, amputations are the removal of body extremities resulted from certain illnesses, medical complications, or catastrophic accidents. There are varieties of prostheses for different types of amputations. For example, above knee amputations (AKA) are incisions at the thigh bone above the knee joint causing…

location during their paleontology work in 2004. The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 Million Years as it was a period when the transformation took place from fish to fish with limb. The fish without characteristics of amphibians were found in 385 million year old rocks and the amphibians without limbs was discovered in 365 million year old rocks. Therefore, the intermediary fossil which has both fishes' and amphibians' characteristics, is possible to be discovered in 375…

The human knee joint is a diarthrosis, or synovial joint, made up of multiple different tissues that work together to provide function. Everything from the outer layer of the skin to the core of the bone is necessary for the joint to articulate properly. The most superficial layer of the knee is the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body and is made up of the epidermis and dermis, which in turn are made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium as well as dense, irregular…

Prosthesis Through the Ages Losing a limb is absolutely devastating. First you have to go through the pain of losing it, then you have to get used to life without the limb. A prosthesis, or artificial limb, will help you resume everyday activities. We can all agree that technology has improved greatly throughout the years. Thankfully, prosthetic limbs have also progressed with the technology of the time providing more comfort and functionality. Prosthetic limbs are artificial replacements for…

Lab Title: Scientific Method and Measurements I. Problem: Is there a correlation between the length of the upper and lower limbs and the height of an individual? II. Hypothesis: The length of a person’s upper limb is equal to 0.4 (40%) of the height of the person. III. Variables: Independent Variable: The people chosen for the experiment. Dependent Variable: Height and upper limb length. IV. Constants: Units of measure, the meterstick used, method of measurement, and age group. V. Procedure: 1.…

that occurs because of a mutation in the gene FGFR3 and is also the most common form of dwarfism known. The purpose of the gene FGFR3 is to make the proteins that are vital in the formation of bone tissue within the body. Because of this mutation people with achondroplasia have significantly shorter limbs than the normal person making them significantly shorter than most people in today’s society. There are also other symptoms that people with achondroplasia have as well as illnesses that…

released in response to stress from the body. Recall that when our sympathetic nervous system is “turned on”, other activities in our body get put on the “back burner”, such as the body recognizing whether we are hungry or not, which will eventually lower food intake, that is, until they adapt to weightlessness (around day 3). Antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, is primarily used to retain water inside the body and to constrict the blood vessels. More of it may be released due to…