Bones of the lower limb

basic pattern of bones. Vertebrates are animals of a large group characterized by the possession of a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates with four limbs are called tetrapods. Generally, all limbs do the same work to achieve one purpose: support the body and move it from place to place. Some animals have limbs that enhance their ability to crawl, walk, run, jump, and climb. Others have limbs adapted for swimming or flying. Only a few vertebrates, such as snakes, have lost their limbs and move…

Genetic Skeletal Dysplasias: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management “Skeletal Dysplasias are a large, heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by abnormal growth, development, and maintenance of skeletal cartilage and bone” (Sewell et al, 2015, p. 575). The severity of skeletal dysplasias has a great range from premature arthritis in individuals with average height to death a few weeks before births or right after birth. Individuals with skeletal dysplasia often have extreme short…

This paper introduces the portion of the lower arm called the forearm. The two bones contained within the forearm are described in detail, briefly mentioning their relation to one another. The relevant names and descriptions are depicted of the common bone breaks, dislocations, and the process of acquiring radiographic images in order to identify such forearm trauma. It is pertinent to always get a little more than just the injured bone in the x-ray to rule out something significant just past…

good blood supply in order to receive required nutrients, calcium, and oxygen and to remove waste materials. In dorsiflexion of the foot the anterior muscles originate within the leg therefore contraction takes place in the anterior aspect of the lower limb. Dorsiflexion also affects the posterior muscles which are antagonists to the anterior muscles. These posterior muscles stretch as the anterior muscles contract and the posterior muscles relax when the anterior muscles return to normal…

Skeletal System The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. It also includes cartilage, ligaments and tendons. The two main parts of the skeletal system are the axial skeleton with 80 bones and the appendicular skeleton with 126 bones. The primary purpose of the skeletal system is to provide the body with support, protection, movement, storage for minerals and lipids, and to produce red blood cells. The axial skeleton includes the skull, thoracic cage and vertebral column. The…

Different types of these substitutions include limb, neck, and dental prostheses. Over the years, doctors and therapists have created new versions and designs of these prosthetics using technology, such as computers. In particular, limb prostheses can simplify and completely turn around an individual’s life who had implications causing difficulty on their daily activities, such as walking or writing. Limb prostheses consist of both upper and lower attachments. Upper extremity prostheses are used…

of resistance encountered, limb position, pressure sensed on the palms of the hands, and so on. This communication between central and peripheral nervous systems, utilizing the motor and sensory nerve pathways, is essential for us to learn, modify, and successfully perform both simple and complex physical activities. Skeletal System The human skeletal system (Fig given below) is made up of 206 bones and can be divided into two sections: The axial skeleton, 80 bones that comprise the head,…

Flat bones = blue (There are flat bones in the skull and the pelvis. The function of flat bones is to protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs. Flat bones are somewhat flattened, and can provide protection, like a shield; flat bones can also provide large areas of attachment for muscles.) [3] Long bones = red (The long bones, longer than they are wide, include the femur (the longest bone in the body) as well as relatively small bones in the fingers. Long bones…

2.) In consideration of the relationship between the Intermembral index and the habitual mode of locomotion for the six different primates, the collected data suggests that the lower the index is, the greater the chance for bipedalism as the “default,” or main movement. Versus a higher index which instead suggests the preferred ability of moving with the arms (e.g. swinging). Moreover, primates with an index closer to a total of 100 appear to assume quadrupedalism. This query can be seen when…

*Tail is long and prehensile and assists in balancing (Fig.24. 6). *Fore limbs are shorter than hind limbs *Hind limbs are used for running, grasping or burrowing *The first and fifth toes are usually reduced…