Bone marrow

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a condition of skeletal fragility due to progressive loss of bone mass. Losing bone is a normal part of the ageing process, but some people lose bone density much faster than normal. This can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. It occurs in elderly people of both sexes but is most pronounced in postmenopausal women, they lose bone rapidly in the first few years after the menopause (when monthly periods stop and the ovaries stop…

A hip fracture occurs when the UQ (upper quadrant) of a femur bone endures a break. To cause a fracture, one must fall or have a direct blow to the side of the hip. Many medical conditions such as osteoporosis, or cancer can affect the bone so much so that the bone weakens from loss of tissue making bones fragile enough to break even from standing and twisting. However, a hip dislocation occurs when the femur bone is forced out of the ball and socket joint. To dislocate a hip a fall from extreme…

predispositions, gender, previous trauma or injuries, workplace environment, obesity and other medical conditions affecting the joint and it's cartilage. The symptoms vary from slight creaks in the joint, pain, swelling and the loss of cartilages between bones. Sitting for longer periods of time can also trigger severe stiffness in the joint. As OA is a degenerative joint disease there is no outright cure. Upon detection of the symptoms, a sport medicine doctor may order imaging - X-rays - when…

While a genetic link to osteoporosis has been discovered, the gene itself has not yet been isolated. Despite this genetic link, scientists have discovered that osteoporosis has a nutritional component. Calcium deficiencies and hormonal deficiencies have also been linked to osteoporosis. Some people who have no genetic link to osteoporosis find themselves dealing with this condition due to other factors. For example, osteoporosis can be caused by extended treatment with steroids, kidney…

giving the deceased person a face. They take the skull of the person’s face. From there they have a trained artist who constructs a face as close and accurate as possible, in hopes that someone will be able to recognize it. First they must clean the bones and then they…

The Effects of Ageing on the Human Body and its impacts on Pre-Hospital Management Introduction Ageing can be defined as the normal, predictable, and irreversible changes of different organ systems over time that ultimately leads to death (Aschkenasy & Rothenhaus, 2006). What’s more Aschkenasy & Rothenhaus (2006) state that physiological changes during the natural ageing process generally result in a loss of functional reserve within most organ systems. Ageing is accompanied by alterations…

replacing bone and mimicking their structure for, various applications. When looking at biological materials, to determine their effectiveness as a scaffold or sufficient structure for various other uses, often they are tested for their resistance to fracture. This is referred to as fracture propagation. Bamboo Bamboo is well known for its sufficient mechanical properties, and great flexibility. It also has great fracture toughness. Bamboo is considered to be a bio composite, meaning it…

Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope Introduction The shoulder contains complicated groups of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bursae all involved in humeral and scapular kinematics (Terry & Chopp, 2000). Regular use of the arms can result in fatigue of shoulder musculature, which could lead to altered scapular kinematics during humeral elevation (Tsai, McClure, & Karduna, 2003). These changes in scapular kinematics can potentially lead to shoulder problems such as impingement syndrome,…

The anatomy between a human foot, horse’s foot or a bear’s foot are completely different. Despite the difference, there are four limbed-vertebrates which have the same basic pattern of bones. Vertebrates are animals of a large group characterized by the possession of a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates with four limbs are called tetrapods. Generally, all limbs do the same work to achieve one purpose: support the body and move it from place to place. Some animals have limbs that enhance…

and now is still an important factor for my family. My family believed in treating your body like a temple. My mother always told me to eat my vitamins everyday, drink a tall glass of milk every morning in order to produce calcium to make stronger bones. In addition my mother would lecture my brother and I about the effects of not having enough calcium in our bodies and tells bad things will happen if we didn't listen to her making us scared and…