Bone healing

Introduction A fall injuries are common in elderly throughout the life span, but the importance of a fall event depends on the person's age. Young children fall frequently but they only suffer injuries with bruises and bumps while for elderly they result in fractures, lacerations, sprains, dislocations and subdural hematomas. However, falls in elderly can also result in serious injuries or even death. Today, the risk managers take a more positive contact by raising alertness that put staffs at…

Foot Contusion A foot contusion is a deep bruise to the foot. Contusions are the result of a blunt injury to tissues and muscle fibers under the skin. The injury causes bleeding under the skin. The skin overlying the contusion may turn blue, purple, or yellow. Minor injuries will give you a painless contusion, but more severe contusions may stay painful and swollen for a few weeks. CAUSES This condition is usually caused by a blow, trauma, or direct force to your foot, such as a heavy object…

knee is a meeting point for the femur, fibula, tibia, and the patella. In order to maintain its flexibility and function, several other ligaments join the knee joint in order to keep the attaching bones in place. The knee is the joint where the femur and the tibia meet; the patella (kneecap) is made of bone and sits in front of the knee. The knee joint is a synovial joint are enclosed by a ligament capsule and contain fluid called synovial fluid that lubricate the joint. The end of the femur…

Osteoporosis is a condition during which bones become fragile and have a higher chance of breaking. Bone mineral density (BMD) serves as a marker that indicates the balance between formation and resorption of the bone. Osteoporosis manifests when resorption exceeds formation, which subsequently leads to bone loss. The diagnosis is based on Dual energy X-ray absorptimometry (DXA) of the spine and hip BMD, which serves as a gold standard of measurement together with a T-score value. T- score…

There are have been anywhere from 150,000 to 200,000 ACL injuries within a given year reported. Female athlete have a higher injury rate compared to males. In fact, female are 4-8 times more likely to tear their ACL. As many as 70% of ACL injuries are involved in little to no contact with the other player. Why is it that female athlete’s suffer from this injury more than male? The anterior cruciate ligament is located deep in the middle of the knee. It is one for four vital ligaments that helps…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of articular cartilage in joints commonly affecting the knees (Sinusas 2012) and slowly develops over many years resulting from mechanical stress (Kisner and Colby 2003). Unfortunately, the risk of developing OA increases with several factors including genetics, increasing age, obesity and female gender (Sinusas 2012). OA causes pain and stiffness in the joints however it is an incurable disease and therefore physiotherapy treatment should focus on…

The two main neck muscles are the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, and are responsible for the gross motor movement in the muscular system of the head, neck and shoulders. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a paired muscle, located at the front and on each side of the neck. It is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The trapezius is one of the biggest shoulder and…

using two different high-speed cameras, each using 2,000 frames per second. Pecking force was measured using a force/torque sensor that was implanted in the cages of these birds. Researchers specifically traced the bird’s abdomen, eyelid, cranial bone, and the tip of the beak using micro-CT scanning (Wang et al.,…

joint space narrowing. Grade III applies when there is significant arthrosis and architectural changes, with a variable degree of joint space narrowing. Finally, grade IV is reserved for gross articular destruction with extensive loss of subchondral bone. No such radiographic classification systems exist for primary OA or posttraumatic arthritis. However, there are typical radiographic findings for each disease. The radiographic characteristics of osteoarthritis include ulnotrochlear…

Human bones are crucial to aid body movement and stabilize joints. However, the ossification of bones where it shouldn’t be present can cause many difficulties in the body’s ability to perform natural movements. Fibrodysplasia Ossification Progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant disease in which the muscles, ligaments, and tendons progressively transform into bone (Kaplan, Nassau, & Shore, 2014). This formation of new bone forms outside the natural skeleton structure (See…