Bonds

covalent bond with middle metal atom. Ligands have one electron pair to donate to a metal atom and are called complex agents. • Metal atoms are Lewis acids because they can accept pairs of electrons from Lewis bases. • Within a ligand, the atom that is directly bonded to the metal atom/ion is called the donor atom. • A coordinate covalent bond is a covalent bond in which one atom (i.e., the donor atom) gives both electrons. This type of bonding is different from a normal covalent bond in which…

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are the result of attractive or repulsive forces between atoms, molecules or ions, primarily as a result of electrostatic attractions; these forces act between discrete molecules. Intermolecular forces are weak forces but without them life as we know it would not be possible: water vapor would not condense into its liquid (or solid forms) if its molecules did not attract each other, and all matter, in fact, would exist as gases. The physical states…

Steroids and Performing-Enhancing Drugs Performance-enhancing drugs are used in sports to give the player an advantage over the other players. There have been many professional athletes that have been caught using performance-enhancing drugs. Many players are caught when a drug test is administered. Professional sports leagues have introduced a random drug test so athletes that do drugs cannot prepare for the test. Performance-enhancing drugs are banned in sports and if a player is caught using…

young kids use MLB players as their role models. For example, Barry Bonds (Barrios) will always be linked to steroid use. Many young athletes may be more prone to use steroids to get an advantage because their role model…

engage in delinquent behavior. This result was said to be due to how the mothers themselves were raised, without stress and with the ability to form emotional bonds with their own children through learned traits. It was proven in Coster’s study that the most imperative aspect of mothering, regardless of employment, was the emotional bonds that were formed which protected adolescents from associating with delinquent peers and ensuing deviant…

milestone, called 61* The three players that have broken Maris’s record were all on the influence and use of anabolic steroids (Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire). Sosa knocked sixty-six home runs in the 1998 season, which originally broke the record, then Mark McGwire swooped in and bettered Sosa’s total by four, leaving McGwire at seventy flat. Barry Bonds his seventy-three home runs three seasons later leaving the single season home run record…

Travis Hirschi presented four social bonds that promote socialization and conformity, these four social bonds are: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Hirschi believed that if the four social bonds are implemented properly, the likelihood of delinquency is dramatically decreased. Hirschi applied his theory to a high school in california where approx 4000 students were given a survey analyzing the four social bonds Hirschi presented, the results reflected Hirschi’s theory, suggesting…

Everything is made of atoms, which are the smallest representative parts of each of the ninety-two elements that occur in nature. Elements are either metals, such as iron, copper or calcium or non-metals such as carbon, oxygen or nitrogen. Chemistry is concerned with the way atoms link together to form molecules, which are the natural chemical units of matter. Molecules represent the smallest particle of a chemical compound which retains the characteristics and chemical properties of the…

very important, because for most biological reactions to occur, the reactants must be dissolved in water. The hydrogen bond is a weak bond that often forms between the hydrogen atoms and neighbouring atoms. Hydrogen bonds are very common in living organisms, such as between the bases of DNA are formed by hydrogen bonds to help hold of the DNA chain structure together. Hydrogen bonds also give water molecules two additional characteristics, which are cohesion and surface tension. These two…

1. Discuss how the measurements in Part I (Small Things) relate to the terms accuracy and precision. 2. What is the width of a single DNA molecule in units of centimeters? [The width of the DNA molecule is given by the distance between any two phosphorus atoms recorded in Part II.] 3. Based on your answer to (2), how many DNA molecules would fit across the smallest dimension of the smallest item (from Part I) measured in lab? Write the number in scientific notation. 4. Using the…