Blood pressure

Two patient verifier completed. The patient c/o runny nose, nasal congestion and red itchy eyes with crustation x2 weeks. Also the he c/o wakening up during the night choking of an acidic like substance. The patient states that he don't know if it maybe possible GERD r/t or due to his nasal congestion. The patient states that he has been taking Claritin, Sudafed, and Patanol for his eyes and his symptoms are not improving. Also, the patient states that he taking an old prescription of Nexium…

CEA surgery is indicated if CVA occurred within the past 6 months in patients with documented ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis (70%–99%). Depending on age, gender and other comorbidities CEA is indicated in patients with recent CVA and documented moderate same sided carotid stenosis (50%– 69%) The estimated perioperative morbidity and mortality risk must be <50%. Include antiplatelet and statin in managing patients with carotid artery stenosis and stroke. For patients with stroke…

Even though complications of fistula access are far less than a graft or a catheter, they do occur and need to be addressed. Complications occur in approximately one-third of fistulas and include: aneurysms, infection, stenosis, thrombosis, steal syndrome and heart failure. These complications have historically been classified as early and late failure. The etiology of both early and late are somewhat similar because if the cause is not diagnosed early on it may progress and lead to late access…

The mitral valve is a valve that allows blood flow from one chamber of the heart, the left atrium, to another called the left ventricle. In mitral valve prolapse, the valve slips backward due to the abnormal size of or damage to the mitral valve tissues. Mitral valve prolapse is a common cause of a heart murmur caused by a "leaky" heart valve. For most people with mitral valve prolapse, the cause is unknown. It can be caused by conditions in which cartilage is abnormal (connective tissue…

The patient has a sitting posture with a posterior pelvic tilt. He has an excessive thoracic kyphosis in sitting and no lumbar lordosis. He sits with his knee extended on the left side, and his ankles inverted with weight resting on the distal to the lateral malleolus on his right foot. On the left foot, his weight is distributed mainly on his calcaneus. The standing posture consisted of a forward head posture with an increased thoracic kyphosis. The patient spent most of his time on the…

system. The hearts internal electrical system controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. With each heartbeat an electrical signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bottom. As the signal travels, it causes the heart to contract and pump blood. Each electrical signal begins in a group of cells called the Sinus node or SA node. The SA node is located in the right atrium. In a healthy adult heart at rest, the SA node sends an electrical signal to begin a new heartbeat, 60-100 beats per…

Inhalation is the process of air being drawn into the lungs. During the process of inhalation the external intercostal muscles contract, therefore pulling the chest wall upwards and outwards, these intercostal muscles are between the ribs. As the air is drawn into the lungs, this causes for the thoracic cavity volume to increases, during inspiration the diaphragm also contracts, therefore moving the diaphragm downwards. There are three more muscles that contract during the process of inspiration…

One candidate biological system that may function to optimize social connections is parasympathetic activity, often conceptualized as the functioning of the vagus nerve and measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) or high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) at rest. The longest autonomic nerve in the human body, the vagus contributes to the innervation of the viscera, including the heart. Measures of cardiac vagal function like RSA have been used as a proxy for the parasympathetic…

In Selected Patient Populations (886) Patients with renal failure or liver disease As expected from differences in routes of elimination, for patients with poor or no renal function, changes in terminal half-life of elimination were greatest for ofloxacin (increased from 8 to 37 h) and moderate for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin (increases ranged from 4 to 5 h to 8 to 9 h) (Table 5), while no changes occurred for pefloxacin (506). Clearance by hemodialysis was 14% or less of…

Cholesteatomatous otitis media is a special variety of chronic otitis media; it can be classified into several types: congenital, primary and secondary acquired, recurrent and residual types. The congenital cholesteatoma is a pearly white mass medial to an intact tympanic membrane with normal tympanic membrane, without any ear discharge or ear drum perforation or any otological procedure in the past [1]. Primary acquired cholesteatoma starts with an intact pars tensa and proceeds to the…