Birmingham City Council

chronicle depicts it something much more heroic: “So Abderrabman and his host attacked Tours to gain still more spoil, and they fought against it so fiercely that they stormed the city almost before the eyes of the army that came to save it; and the fury and the cruelty of the Moslems towards the inhabitants of the city were like the fury and…

My car slowly comes to a halt as I approach the blinking light that serves as the only form of traffic control in this town. Usually, I would just continue down the long stretch of road to my house, but I decide to turn left and venture onto the streets where I spent my childhood. The first building I come upon is my former elementary school. This place was once the center of my life, but it has now been shut down and quickly is becoming dilapidated. I cannot help but notice a somber feeling in…

A recent drive around Phoenix for me, made me realize the number of homeless people panhandling for money on street corners. At some point during a calendar year in the Untired States, 1.5 million are homeless looking for a place to sleep and food to eat (Katel). Of this 1.5 million, 80 percent or around 1.2 million are considered transitionally homeless, meaning that they have had a run of bad luck and are homeless for a short amount of time, usually around a couple months. Imagine if instead…

The Council of Trent spanned a lengthy 18 years (1545-1563) and proved to be one of the most significant of the 21 ecumenical councils convened in Church history. Despite the import of an historical event which influenced Catholic teaching for years to come, little work has been written on this particular council. However, Fr. John O’Malley, S.J., has presented a detailed recounting of this remarkable event in his book, Trent: What Happened at the Council, published by the Belknap Press of…

A catechism was written after the council concerning everything Catholics needed to know about their faith (Rasmussen). This catechism allowed the faithful to fully know their Faith. Knowing their faith, Catholics were able to more adequately defend Catholicism against attacks. In addition, the Bishops in the council acknowledged the Latin Vulgate written by Saint Jerome as the correct version of the Bible (The Council of Trent). This decision, in addition to the Index Librorum…

Irena Sendlers Irena Sendlers was born on February 15, 1910, in Warsaw, Poland. She was born as Irena Krzyzanowska. Her parents were Dr. Stanislaw and Janina Krzyzanowska. She didn’t have any siblings. Later on, she had two children, a son, and a daughter. The daughter's name is Janka, she still lives in Warsaw, Poland. The son’s name was Adam, he died in 1999. What She Studied Irena studied Polish literature at Warsaw University. At some universities, they had a ghetto-bench system.…

crusades were one of the most vigorous events in history! They consist of a powerful series of religious wars in the eleventh to thirteenth centuries where Christian soldiers attacked Jerusalem to reclaim the Holy Land. Pope Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont held in France which initiated the crusades was considered the spark that powered this world-changing event; however, the original manuscript of his words had been lost! There are only reports of his speech available in the…

So, the apostle Peter spoke first about the matter advocating against forced circumcision of the Gentiles, then Paul and Barnabas argued their point of view before the council and church. Finally, after significant discussion and arguments from both sides, James decides against forced circumcision but concedes dietary and sexual conditions for the gentiles to placate the opposing church members (Wilcox, 2014). Even though…

The First Crusade began in 1096 after Pope Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095. One version of Urban’s Speech at Clermont was recorded by Fulcher de Chartes, a priest who also participated in the Crusades. While this version of Pope Urban II’s speech is one of the more reliable sources of the said speech, there is still a great chance for bias especially as Fulcher de Chartes was a crusader himself. This one speech, whether or not it was an accurate recording of what Pope Urban…

The Prisoner Communication Services policy came into force on 1st October 2011 and replaced PSO 4400 Chapter 4 and PSI 06/2011. It is concerned with matters of prisoners’ communications and includes the prohibition of prisoners’ from accessing social networking sites. There are several forms of domestic legislation which grant power to the Secretary of State to pass policies regarding prisoner’s treatments and rights, including statutes and case law. The Human Rights Act 1998 and the European…