Biosphere

It includes an area of 2,398 hectares of forest biosphere reserves and 21.914 farms and plantations in Riau has damaged, as well as the palm oil farms (Lis,2014). According to Probo, a potential future loss of oil palm farmers NES (NES) lists of 372 billion Rupiahs to 5,037,771 Rupiahs / ha per year. The…

“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings… Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change” (Carson 2). This allusion, set at the beginning of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, detailed a town where pesticides disturbed the balance of life. The government’s blind support of DDT, a human-synthesized pesticide, after its successes in World War II led to an expanding market for the insecticide and widespread…

INTRODUCTION Orangutans, who are closest to our specie of homo sapiens¸ alongside the chimpanzees, gorillas and the other great apes – are primarily and wildly native to the forests and islands of Indonesia and Malaysia. Their chances of survival in modern day is critically endangered by both human causes (primarily) and natural causes (most of which chiefly arises out of human causes as well). The former includes aspects like deforestation, palm oil plantation and illegal logging; whereas the…

Arrive to school extremely tired at 7am, somehow make it through through 4 classes by staring out of the window due to lack of interest, become excited for the first time of the day during lunch where everyone is now allowed to be vocal, all emotions dissipate when it’s time to go back to class, go home, repeat. Unfortunately, this is the daily routine that many students experience in the United States’ education system. Student’s growth and needs are not taken into consideration but rather it’s…

Kurt Vonnegut is one of the most influential American novelists of the twentieth century who has brought about a phenomenal distinction in literature. Most of the writers have written only in a particular concept or genre, but Kurt Vonnegut has imprinted his undeniable mark in science fiction with humor, social commentary with absurdity and so on. Kurt Vonnegut has written fourteen novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction. His works are occupied with…

Rudraksh Kapil Topic Area: Biodiversity Loss of biodiversity: what are the causes and what can we do? Biodiversity is the variety of all forms of life on Earth - plants, animals and microorganisms. Biodiversity refers to: Species; Variations within species; and interdependence of species. It is interesting to note that only about 1.2 million worldwide species have been identified and catalogued out of a towering total of about 8.7 million, as of August 2011[1]. A range of factors and…

What four elements make up 96% of all living matter? _________________________________________ Concept 2.2 An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms 2. Below is a model of an atom of helium, correctly label the electrons, protons, neutrons, and atomic nucleus. 3. What is the atomic number of helium? _________ Its atomic mass? ________ 4. Consider this entry in the periodic table for carbon. What is the atomic mass? ______ atomic number? _______ How many…

This is one way in which energy is transferred between organisms in an ecosystem. The energy is used for a number of life processes. In a food chain only around 10 per cent of the energy is passed on to the next level. The rest of the energy passes out of the food chain in a number of ways: 1. via heat energy 2. is used for life processes (for example movement) 3. uneaten parts that pass to decomposers 4. is excreted and passes to decomposers. As less energy is transferred at each level…

THE DIMENSIONS OF POLLUTIONS AND RESOURCES DEPLETION. ABSTRACT In this topic we will look at the dimensions of pollution and resources depletion. For pollution we will get to know the definition of pollution. Rather than that, we will know each types of pollution and each definition of this. Then we will look further into the cause, effect and solution for each pollution in this topic. Lastly we will discuss about the resources depletion effect occur by human activity. INTRODUCTION Environmental…

Dibrova, D.V., Galperin, M.Y. and Kooning, E.V. Origin of First Cells at Terrestrial, Anoxic Geothermal Fields. PNAS 10.1073/pnas.111774109 (2011). Orgel, L.E. Some Consequences of the RNA World Hypothesis. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 33, 211-218 (2003). Schopf, J.W. Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: new evidene of the antiquity of life. Science 260, 640-646 (1993). Shapiro, R. Prebiotic Cytosine Synthesis: a critical analysis and implications for the origin of…