Biosphere

Chosen case: Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan (2002) In November 1996, Wallis Lake and the surrounding areas of the New South Wales experienced heavy rainfall that risked outspread of viral contamination of Hepatitis A in the Oysters which were cultivated in the same lake. Due to this contamination, many consumers ended up being the victim of the viral. The case was brought to action in the Federal Court of Australia. (High Court of Australia, 2002) The case was instituted by Grant Ryan as…

The earth is reliant on various reproductive biochemical cycles, to maintain balanced and regulated conditions on earth and within the atmosphere (Name, date). These cycles include the carbon, nitrogen and hydrological cycles. These cycles among others, bring with them various geological, chemical, physical and biological processes (name, date). All these cycles are interconnected; matter within them is continually cycled between biotic and abiotic parts of the environment (name, date). Without…

Microorganisms are living organisms which can be seen only with the aid of microscope. They are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. There are six major types of micro-organisms these are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. This essay aims to analyse micro-organisms and disease. First the key features of the main categories of micro-organisms and the roles of commensals, and pathogens will be explained respectively. Then mode of…

The most characteristic form of citizenship in modern democracies until the present has been a single and exclusive citizenship within the nation-state. However, while state-building and nation-building went hand in hand in the past, there are obvious problems and challenges in drawing too tight a connection between citizenship and the nation-state because it is estimated that there are between 5000 and 9000 ethnic-cultural groups in the world, and only around 200 states, over 90% of which…

Thinking of NASA’s greatest accomplishments in the past, and the Apollo 11 mission might come up. Other countries worked diligently to reach the same accomplishment that NASA had; but the race to the moon was ultimately reached by the United States. Which makes one of the reasons why the United States is the leader in space exploration. it is because of NASA’s projects, advancements, and accomplishments, NASA was the catalyst that allowed the United States to be the leader in space…

that did its part to further infuriate black South Africans creating a favorable environment for the ANC to indorse resistance against imperialism by white minority rule. Decades later, the implementation of the 1941 Atlantic Charter described a biosphere of free people with rights, and the ANC interpreted the Charter as a promise for finally obtaining liberty from tyranny and oppression. This idea was further encouraged by Britain when she recruited many Africans to fight under the impression…

The monarch butterfly, also known as Danaus plexippus, is recognized as America’s state insect with a wing span of 4 inches and 10 centimeters long – the longest wing span ever recorded within the monarchs’ insect population (Conant, 2012). Monarchs are notorious in the United States because of their spectacular migration across Canada and the United States to the overwintering sites in central Mexico – and back again. In this case, monarchs migrate between 2,000 to 3,000 miles every single year…

International, 2014). According to Wetlands International, (2014, p. 1) “Peat land is wetlands with a thick organic soil layer (peat) made up from dead and decaying plant material”. However, despite the fact that peat land has an important role in the biosphere, peat land is also one of the most flammable forests in the world. Currently, the worst peat land fire is unfolding in Indonesia. This problem is far from over, with nearly 120.000 active fires detected (Plumer, 2015). Hence,…

Mexico and those west of the Rocky Mountains reside along the Californian coast (“Migration and Overwintering”). But within the last two decades, more than 90% of the monarch butterfly population has vanished. Research done by the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and Iowa State University has ascribed this decline to the widespread use of glyphosate herbicides, predominantly Roundup Ready, attacking the butterfly’s habitat: milkweed (Pleasants 135). The herbicide Roundup Ready, produced by…

resonating with the ecocentric part of partnership ethics that humans are part of the nature and are not superior to other species in any way. We cannot selfishly develop simply for profit or social goods, and cut trees down and release pollutants to the biosphere recklessly. Merchant also mentions that “deep ecology espouses an ecocentric rather than a homocentric ethic. In using nonhuman nature, people have a duty to maintain the integrity of the ecosphere, not to conquer it or make it more…