Biophilia hypothesis

6.5 Granger Causality Granger causality statistics determine whether past values of one variable helps to predict another variable. For example, if the lagged value of the independent variable X, help in predicting the value of the explanatory variable Y_(t+1), then X granger causes the Y. On the other hand, if the independent variable X does not help to predict Y, then the coefficients on the lags of X will all be zero in the reduced form Y equation. 7. Empirical results 7.1 Optimal lag…

The text mentions “how in 1994, Roese proposed that thinking counterfactually simply is functional in two ways such as; preparative function (for which helps us to avoid the recurrence of negative outcomes) and affective function (thinking in ways to help individuals feel better)” (Chapter 6, pg. 62). The text also mentions about “how when one or any individual fails to achieve a goal, it can often lead to a negative affect which in turn can either activate upward or downward counterfactual…

Study Site We conducted this study at the Scientific Station at Las Joyas (Estación Cientifica Las Joyas) (19o35’20.7”N, 104o15’52.1”W) in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Mexico. Elevation reaches about 2400m above sea level. The forests transition from dry-deciduous, pine-oak, and cloud, as the elevation increases. Study Species We studied a white flowered plant with green berries and un-toothed leaves (most likely Solanum schlechtendalianum) from the genus Solanum, as it…

The first opposing article does not provide significant evidence that preworkout supplementation is safe, and can therefore be interpreted as inconclusive. The authors did not provide a specific hypothesis. In this study, researchers conducted two separate trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of a PWS on healthy men and women. The first part of the trial was meant to specifically research the safety of using PWS. The second trial took a closer look at the actual impact preworkout…

From the percent difference I can conclude that neither surface area, surface texture, nor mass of block has that big of an impacted on the friction. The higher the percent difference is the more effect friction would have on it, with the lower percent difference says it wouldn’t affect friction. For surface area testing side A against side B on smooth sliding for percent difference was60.78%, over half (50%) but not by much. For weight off sandpaper the difference was only 40.00%, where on…

dependent variables and the various scaling variables as the independent variables. Then the p value will be evaluated in order to determine whether the correlation between the variables are significant and we can falsify the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that there is a relationship between the body structure and jumping performances of the toads. Toad Gender Mass (g) Body size (mm) Muscle length (mm) Muscle circumference(mm) Max. Jump (mm) 1 M 19 67 20 20 250 2 M 21.5…

The first part of the experiment required one to trace the light rays going through a converging and diverging lenses. By setting up the light source towards the end of the paper and placing the lenses about 5 cm in front of the light the focal distances were found to be 14 cm for the converging lens and -5.5cm for the diverging lens. These focal distances theoretically make since because the converging lens causes the light rays to combine in front of the lens making it positive and the…

Background & Objectives: Arthropods have neurogenic hearts, which have pacemakers as part of the nervous system found outside the heart. Vertebrates and molluscs have myogenic hearts, where the pacemaker is composed of specialized cardiac muscle within the heart. Daphnia is unique as it is a cladoceran crustacean reported to have a myogenic heart. To test this, use drugs known to change heart rate in myogenic hearts and observe if they have the same influence on Daphnia. Methods: Used a…

In order to discuss the differences between clinical and statistical significance, it is important to understand what each means separately. According to Polit & Beck, statistical significance refers to "the results from an analysis of sample data are unlikely to have been caused by chance, at a specific level of probability" (2018). On the other hand, Polit & Beck define clinical significance as “the practical importance of research results in terms of whether they have genuine, palpable…

for the fits square, which will be compared to the selected alpha level (it could be 1%, 5%, or 10%). If the p-value is less than the alpha level, we reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate. Therefore, the residuals are heteroscedastic. However, if the p-value is greater than the alpha level, we accept the null hypothesis that the residuals are homoscedastic. Heteroscedasticity increases the standard error coefficient just like serial correlation. To resolve the problem of…